Castro-Alves Victor Costa, Gomes Daniel, Menolli Nelson, Sforça Maurício Luís, Nascimento João Roberto Oliveira do
Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Sao Paulo Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Feb;95:215-223. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.059. Epub 2016 Nov 19.
Polysaccharides from a number of mushroom species are recognized as functional food ingredients with potential health benefits, including immunomodulatory effects. In this study, polysaccharides extracted from the basidiome with cold water (BaCW), hot water (BaHW), and hot alkali (BaHA) solution, and exo- (MyEX) and endopolysaccharides (MyEN) from the submerged culture of Pleurotus albidus, a promising species for farming and biomass production, were analyzed for their chemical composition and structure and immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. Compositional (HPAEC-PAD and HPSEC-RID/MWD) and structural (FT-IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR) analyses identified BaCW and MyEX as β-(1,6)-branched β-(1,3)-glucans, BaHW and MyEN as α-(1,3)-(1,2)-branched α-(1,6)-glucans, and BaHA as a mixture of α-(1,6)- and β-(1,3)-glucans. BaCW and MyEX stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), but not interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased phagocytosis of zymosan particles. In contrast, BaHW and MyEN induced TNF-α, NO and IL-6 production, and increased zymosan phagocytosis, while BaHA displayed intermediary effects in comparison the other polysaccharides. In conclusion, the basidiome and the submerged culture of P. albidus are sources of easily extractable α- and β-glucans with potential immunomodulatory effects.
许多蘑菇种类的多糖被认为是具有潜在健康益处的功能性食品成分，包括免疫调节作用。在本研究中，分析了从平菇子实体中用冷水（BaCW）、热水（BaHW）和热碱（BaHA）溶液提取的多糖，以及从易于栽培和生物质生产的平菇深层培养物中提取的胞外多糖（MyEX）和胞内多糖（MyEN）的化学组成、结构及其对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。组成分析（高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法和高效体积排阻色谱-示差折光检测/分子量分布法）和结构分析（傅里叶变换红外光谱、一维和二维核磁共振）确定BaCW和MyEX为β-(1,6)分支的β-(1,3)-葡聚糖，BaHW和MyEN为α-(1,3)-(1,2)分支的α-(1,6)-葡聚糖，BaHA为α-(1,6)-和β-(1,3)-葡聚糖的混合物。BaCW和MyEX刺激肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和一氧化氮（NO）的产生，但不刺激白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的产生，并降低酵母聚糖颗粒的吞噬作用。相反，BaHW和MyEN诱导TNF-α、NO和IL-6的产生，并增加酵母聚糖的吞噬作用，而BaHA与其他多糖相比表现出中间效应。总之，平菇的子实体和深层培养物是易于提取的具有潜在免疫调节作用的α-和β-葡聚糖的来源。
