Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Health Educ Behav. 2022 Jun;49(3):392-404. doi: 10.1177/10901981211010434. Epub 2021 May 31.
Adequate sun safety during childhood is crucial for decreasing skin cancer risk in later life. Although parents are an essential target group in applying sun protection measures for their children, insight into the determinants associated with their sun protection behaviors is limited.
This study aims to identify the most relevant determinants in predicting multiple parental sun protection intentions and behaviors in different sun exposure situations.
A longitudinal survey study with two measurements was conducted among Dutch parents ( = 670) of children (4-12 years old). Twenty-seven sociocognitive determinants were examined in terms of relevance regarding four parental sun protection behaviors in different sun exposure situations. The Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance approach was used to visualize room for improvement (sample means) on all determinants and their association strengths (correlations) with sun protection intentions and behaviors.
Behavior-specific rather than generic determinants were most relevant in explaining all sun protection behaviors. Of these determinants, attitude, self-efficacy and action planning, and especially parental feelings of difficulty in performing sun protection behaviors, were most relevant. Altogether, the explained variance of all sociocognitive determinants was highest for shade-seeking behavior ( = .41 and .43) and lowest for supportive behavior ( = .19 and .29) in both planned and incidental sun exposure situations, respectively.
This study provides detailed insight into relevant sociocognitive determinants of parental sun protection behaviors in various sun exposure situations and directions for composing parental skin cancer prevention interventions.
Future composition of sun safety interventions should emphasize on enhancing parental feelings of self-efficacy, especially for shade-seeking and clothing behaviors.
儿童时期有充足的防晒措施对于降低日后患皮肤癌的风险至关重要。尽管父母是为孩子实施防晒措施的重要目标群体，但对于与他们的防晒行为相关的决定因素的了解有限。
本研究旨在确定预测父母在不同阳光暴露情况下采取多种防晒意图和行为的最相关决定因素。
对荷兰 670 名 4-12 岁儿童的父母进行了一项具有两次测量的纵向调查研究。从 27 个社会认知决定因素中，针对 4 种不同阳光暴露情况下的 4 种父母防晒行为，考察了其相关性。采用置信区间基于估计的相关性方法，可视化所有决定因素的改进空间（样本均值）及其与防晒意图和行为的关联强度（相关系数）。
在解释所有防晒行为时，特定于行为的决定因素比通用决定因素更相关。在这些决定因素中，态度、自我效能感和行动计划，尤其是父母在执行防晒行为时感到困难的感觉，最为相关。总的来说，在计划和偶然的阳光暴露情况下，所有社会认知决定因素对寻找阴凉行为的解释方差最高（分别为.41 和.43），对支持性行为的解释方差最低（分别为.19 和.29）。
本研究详细了解了父母在各种阳光暴露情况下采取防晒行为的相关社会认知决定因素，并为制定父母皮肤癌预防干预措施提供了方向。
未来的阳光安全干预措施应强调增强父母的自我效能感，特别是在寻找阴凉和穿衣行为方面。
