埃塞俄比亚西南部吉尔格尔·吉贝大坝周边居民的肠道多重寄生虫感染，特别关注土源性蠕虫：一项基于社区的调查。
Intestinal polyparasitism with special emphasis to soil-transmitted helminths among residents around Gilgel Gibe Dam, Southwest Ethiopia: a community based survey.
作者信息
Mekonnen Zeleke, Suleman Sultan, Biruksew Abdissa, Tefera Tamirat, Chelkeba Legese
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Health sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Nov 23;16(1):1185. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3859-2.
BACKGROUND
One third of the world population is estimated to be infected with intestinal parasites. The most affected people are children and the poor people living in tropics and subtropics. Polyparasitism (the concurrent infection with multiple intestinal parasite species) is found to be the norm among the same population although accurate estimate of its magnitude is unknown. It was found that polyparasitism might have a greater impact on morbidity than single species infection which might also increase susceptibility to other infections. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence and distribution of intestinal polyparasitism with special emphasis on Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) among residents around Gilgel Gibe dam located in Jimma zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A total of 1,021 participants were recruited in this study and provided stool samples for parasitological examination. Direct wet mount and Kato-Katz techniques were employed for stool examination. Pearson chi-square test was employed to assess the association of infection status and polyparasitism with gender and age group of the study participants.
RESULTS
Five hundred thirty two individuals were infected with at least one parasite, providing the overall prevalence of 52.1%. Among positive individuals, 405 (76.1%), 114 (21.4%), and 13 (2.5%) individuals were infected with only one, two and three species of parasites, respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal polyparasitism observed among the study participants was 12.4% (127/1,021). The predominant STH was hookworm, with a prevalence of 44.1%. Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most frequently recorded combination in cases of polyparasitic infection. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of polyparasitism with regard to age group and sex of the study participants (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The study indicated the presence of high prevalence of parasites as well as distribution of polyparasitism in the area. Moreover, the detection of Schistosoma mansoni in the community living within close proximity of the newly constructed dam would be taken as an indication of future risk factor. Further investigation on the predictors of polyparasitism and the assessment of effects of polyparasitism on the population are needed. Finally, there is a need to undertake integrated control strategies which involve improved sanitation, health education and chemotherapy that targets the whole community instead of only certain segments of populations.
背景
据估计，全球三分之一的人口感染了肠道寄生虫。受影响最严重的人群是儿童以及生活在热带和亚热带地区的贫困人口。尽管尚不清楚多重寄生虫感染（同时感染多种肠道寄生虫物种）的确切感染程度，但在同一人群中，多重寄生虫感染却很常见。研究发现，多重寄生虫感染对发病率的影响可能比单一物种感染更大，单一物种感染也可能增加对其他感染的易感性。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州吉马地区吉尔吉尔吉贝大坝周边居民肠道多重寄生虫感染的患病率和分布情况，特别关注土源性蠕虫（STH）。
方法
本研究共招募了1021名参与者，并提供粪便样本进行寄生虫学检查。粪便检查采用直接涂片法和改良加藤厚涂片法。采用Pearson卡方检验评估研究参与者的感染状况和多重寄生虫感染与性别和年龄组之间的关联。
结果
532人感染了至少一种寄生虫，总体患病率为52.1%。在阳性个体中，仅感染一种、两种和三种寄生虫的个体分别为405人（76.1%）、114人（21.4%）和13人（2.5%）。研究参与者中观察到的肠道多重寄生虫感染总体患病率为12.4%（127/1021）。主要的土源性蠕虫是钩虫，患病率为44.1%。在多重寄生虫感染病例中，钩虫和蛔虫是最常记录的组合。研究表明，研究参与者的年龄组和性别在多重寄生虫感染的分布上没有显著差异（p>0.05）。
结论
该研究表明该地区寄生虫感染率高且存在多重寄生虫感染情况。此外，在新建大坝附近居住的社区中检测到曼氏血吸虫，这将被视为未来的危险因素。需要进一步调查多重寄生虫感染的预测因素以及评估多重寄生虫感染对人群的影响。最后，有必要采取综合控制策略，包括改善卫生条件、健康教育和针对整个社区而非仅特定人群的化疗。
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