Sedo Abdlmenur Alewi, Zeynudin Ahmed, Belay Tariku, Belay Mekdes Mekonen, Ibrahim Ahmed Mohammed, Osman Mohamed Omar, Yusuf Ramadan Budul, Abdulahi Abdifatah
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 30;20(1):e0317829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317829. eCollection 2025.
One of the tropical illnesses that is often overlooked is soil-transmitted helminths, or STHs. In tropical and subtropical nations, where poor sanitation and contaminated water sources are common, they mostly impact the most vulnerable populations.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of STHs and related risk factors among the people living in Jigjiga town, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was revealed from June 1 to July 21, 2023. Study participants were selected through a multistage sampling method, where households were randomly chosen from the kebeles. A semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect some of the data. A stool sample was collected from each participant, and a single Kato-Katz was performed to detect STHs. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and statistical significance was declared at a level of p-value < 0.05 between the outcome and independent variables.
There were 507 participants in this study, and 90.9% of them responded. STH prevalence was 11.4% overall (95% CI = 9.0, 14.0). With a prevalent parasite species, A. lumbricoides was 9.3%, T. trichiura was 2.8%, and hookworms were 0.2%. Of the overall positive cases, 93.1% are due to single parasite infections. Independent predictors of STHs included low wealth status (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.25, 7.75; p = 0.015), infrequent hand washing before meals (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.55, 6.57; p = 0.002), earthen floors (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.12, 4.79; p = 0.023), and no drinking water treatment habit (AOR = 5.07; 95% CI = 1.89, 13.57; p = 0.001).
Jigjiga town had a low prevalence of STHs infections. Infrequent hand washing habits before meals, earthen floors, low wealth status, and no habit of treating drinking water were significant associated factors. Health education on handwashing, regular deworming, improved access to clean water and sanitation facilities to reduce the burden of STH effectively.
一种经常被忽视的热带疾病是土壤传播的蠕虫，即土源性蠕虫。在卫生条件差和水源受污染情况常见的热带和亚热带国家，它们主要影响最脆弱的人群。
本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚东部索马里州吉吉加镇居民中土源性蠕虫的流行情况及相关危险因素。
2023年6月1日至7月21日开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。研究参与者通过多阶段抽样方法选取，从各个基层行政区随机选择家庭。使用半结构化问卷和观察清单收集部分数据。从每位参与者收集粪便样本，并进行一次加藤厚涂片法检测土源性蠕虫。进行了二元和多元逻辑回归分析，结果与自变量之间的p值<0.05时具有统计学意义。
本研究有507名参与者，其中90.9%做出了回应。土源性蠕虫总体流行率为11.4%（95%置信区间=9.0，14.0）。在流行的寄生虫种类中，蛔虫为9.3%，鞭虫为2.8%，钩虫为0.2%。在所有阳性病例中，93.1%是由于单一寄生虫感染。土源性蠕虫的独立预测因素包括低财富状况（比值比=3.10；95%置信区间=1.25，7.75；p=0.015）、饭前不常洗手（比值比=3.19；95%置信区间=1.55，6.57；p=0.002）、泥土地面（比值比=2.32；95%置信区间=1.12，4.79；p=0.023）以及没有饮用水处理习惯（比值比=5.07；95%置信区间=1.89，13.57；p=0.001）。
吉吉加镇土源性蠕虫感染率较低。饭前不常洗手的习惯、泥土地面、低财富状况以及没有饮用水处理习惯是显著的相关因素。开展关于洗手的健康教育、定期驱虫、改善获得清洁水和卫生设施的机会，以有效减轻土源性蠕虫的负担。
