在埃塞俄比亚西南部，模型和非模型家庭个体中的土壤传播性蠕虫感染的流行率和强度：一项基于社区的比较横断面研究。
Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths infection among individuals in model and non-model households, South West Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional community based study.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology (DMIP), School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 17;17(10):e0276137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276137. eCollection 2022.
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is a term used to refer to infections caused by intestinal worms mainly due to A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm species which are transmitted through contaminated soil. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and intensity of STHs infection among individual members living within the selected household heads (HHs) certified either as a model HHs or non-model HHs based on the implementation level of a training program known as the Health Extension Program (HEP). A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018 at Seka Chekorsa Woreda, Jimma zone. Model and non-model HHs were selected systematically from each of the randomly selected district villages employing a multistage sampling technique. Sociodemographic and risk factors data associated with STHs infections were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Parasitological stool sample microscopic examination was done using saline wet mount and Kato Katz thick smear technique. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20 for descriptive statistics, comparison, and logistic regression at a p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance. Overall, 612 individuals were recruited in the study from 120 randomly selected HHs. The prevalence of STHs infections was found to be 32.4%. A total of 45 (14.7%) model and 153 (50.0%) non-model individual participants were positive for at least one species of STHs showing a significant difference between individuals in model and non-model HHs (AOR: 6.543, 95% CI; 4.36-9.82, P<0.001). The dominant STHs were T. trichiura (21.6%) followed by A. lumbricoides (6.4%) and hookworms (2.3%). The intensity of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides infection have shown a significant difference (p<0.05) while hookworm species infection was not significantly different (p>0.05) for the individuals in the HHs groups. On the other hand, the households training status, age of participants, and latrine use pattern were found significant predictors of STHs infection prevalence in the multivariate analysis (P<0.05). Therefore, the prevalence and intensity of STHs infection was higher among individuals living in a non-model HHs than model HHs.
土壤传播的蠕虫（STH）是一个术语，用于指主要由于肠道蠕虫引起的感染，这些蠕虫主要是由于钩虫、鞭虫和蛔虫物种通过受污染的土壤传播而感染。本研究旨在评估在根据健康推广计划（HEP）实施水平被认证为示范家庭或非示范家庭的选定家庭户主（HH）中，个体成员的 STHs 感染的流行率和严重程度。2018 年 4 月至 6 月，在吉马地区塞卡切克萨沃雷达进行了一项基于社区的比较性横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术，从每个随机选择的区村系统地选择示范和非示范 HH。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷收集与 STHs 感染相关的社会人口学和危险因素数据。寄生虫粪便样本的显微镜检查使用生理盐水湿载片和加藤厚涂片技术进行。使用 SPSS 软件版本 20 进行数据分析，采用描述性统计、比较和逻辑回归进行分析，p 值<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。总体而言，从 120 个随机选择的 HH 中招募了 612 名个体参加研究。发现 STHs 感染的流行率为 32.4%。共有 45 名（14.7%）示范和 153 名（50.0%）非示范个体参与者至少有一种 STHs 呈阳性，示范和非示范 HH 之间的个体存在显著差异（AOR：6.543，95%CI；4.36-9.82，P<0.001）。主要的 STHs 是鞭虫（21.6%），其次是蛔虫（6.4%）和钩虫（2.3%）。示范和非示范 HH 组的个体中，鞭虫和蛔虫感染的强度有显著差异（p<0.05），而钩虫感染无显著差异（p>0.05）。另一方面，家庭培训状况、参与者年龄和厕所使用模式在多变量分析中被发现是 STHs 感染流行率的显著预测因素（p<0.05）。因此，生活在非示范 HH 中的个体的 STHs 感染流行率和严重程度高于生活在示范 HH 中的个体。
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