University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
University of Freiburg-Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 24;6:37631. doi: 10.1038/srep37631.
Isothiocyanates are the most intensively studied breakdown products of glucosinolates from Brassica plants and well recognized for their pleiotropic effects against cancer but also for their genotoxic potential. However, knowledge about the bioactivity of glucosinolate-borne nitriles in foods is very poor. As determined by GC-MS, broccoli glucosinolates mainly degrade to nitriles as breakdown products. The cytotoxicity of nitriles in human HepG2 cells and primary murine hepatocytes was marginal as compared to isothiocyanates. Toxicity of nitriles was not enhanced in CYP2E1-overexpressing HepG2 cells. In contrast, the genotoxic potential of nitriles was found to be comparable to isothiocyanates. DNA damage was persistent over a certain time period and CYP2E1-overexpression further increased the genotoxic potential of the nitriles. Based on actual in vitro data, no indications are given that food-borne nitriles could be relevant for cancer prevention, but could pose a certain genotoxic risk under conditions relevant for food consumption.
异硫氰酸酯是十字花科植物中硫代葡萄糖苷的最主要的分解产物，因其对癌症的多效作用，以及潜在的遗传毒性而受到广泛关注。然而，食物中硫代葡萄糖苷衍生的腈的生物活性的相关知识却非常匮乏。通过 GC-MS 测定，西兰花中的硫代葡萄糖苷主要降解为腈类物质作为分解产物。与异硫氰酸盐相比，腈类物质在人 HepG2 细胞和原代鼠肝细胞中的细胞毒性较低。在 CYP2E1 过表达的 HepG2 细胞中，腈类物质的毒性并未增强。相比之下，腈类物质的遗传毒性与异硫氰酸盐相当。在一定时间内，DNA 损伤持续存在，CYP2E1 过表达进一步增加了腈类物质的遗传毒性。基于实际的体外数据，没有迹象表明食物来源的腈类物质与癌症预防有关，但在与食物摄入相关的条件下，它们可能会产生一定的遗传毒性风险。
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