Psychotropic drug use in a representative community sample: the Upper Bavarian study.

A sample of 1979 community residents aged 15 years and above was assessed in a major survey of health status and consumption of psychotropic medication. Interviews were conducted in the subjects' home by a psychiatrically trained physician, who actually inspected the subjects' medical supplies. Of all subjects 6.9% (4.3% of the males and 9.0% of the females) had used a drug containing a benzodiazepine at least once in the 4 weeks preceding the interview. In the same period 3.6% had taken a medication containing a barbiturate, 2.2% a medicine containing an opioid (mainly codeine), 1.8% had taken a neuroleptic drug, 1.5% an antidepressant, 0.8% a carbamine-acid derivative and 0.1% lithium. High use of psychotropic medication was associated with higher age, female sex, higher psychiatric morbidity, higher somatic morbidity, reduced work capacity and higher neuroticism but not with social class and not with the personality factor extra- or introversion.