Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
Clin Nutr. 2018 Feb;37(1):149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.006. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: In recent years, obesity has reached alarming levels among children and adolescents. The study of plasma fatty acid (FA) composition, as a reflection of diet, and its associations with other parameters, that are closely linked to obesity and the cardiometabolic profile, may be useful for setting nutritional goals for obesity treatment and prevention. This study explored the relationship between plasma FA levels and body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers, in overweight adolescents.
A multidisciplinary weight loss program was followed by 127 overweight and obese adolescents aged 12-17 years old. Plasma FA composition, anthropometric indicators of adiposity and biochemical parameters were analyzed at baseline, two months (the end of the intensive intervention phase) and six months (the end of the extensive phase).
While saturated fatty acid (SFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels decreased significantly during the intervention, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and n-3 PUFA showed the opposite trend. The decrease in SFA C14:0 was associated with a reduction in total and LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and insulin. The increase in MUFAs, especially C18:1n-9, was related to a reduction in weight, fat mass, fat mass index and glucose. Regarding PUFAs, changes in the n-3 series were not associated with any of the parameters studied, whereas the reduction in n-6 PUFAs was directly related to weight, fat mass, total and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, glucose and insulin, and inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure. The adolescents with greater weight loss presented significant changes in MUFAs, n-6 PUFAs and C14:0.
Modifications in plasma FA composition were associated with adiposity reduction and cardiometabolic profile improvement in an anti-obesity program aimed at adolescents. The changes observed in FA composition were related to the success of the treatment, since the individuals most affected by these variations were those who presented the greatest weight loss.
近年来，儿童和青少年的肥胖问题已经达到了令人担忧的程度。研究血浆脂肪酸（FA）组成作为饮食的反映及其与肥胖和心血管代谢特征密切相关的其他参数之间的关系，可能有助于确定肥胖治疗和预防的营养目标。本研究探讨了超重青少年血浆 FA 水平与体脂肪和心血管代谢风险标志物之间的关系。
对 127 名 12-17 岁超重和肥胖青少年进行了多学科减肥计划。在基线、两个月（强化干预阶段结束时）和六个月（广泛阶段结束时）分析了血浆 FA 组成、体脂的人体测量指标和生化参数。
在干预过程中，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）水平显著下降，而单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和 n-3 PUFA则呈相反趋势。C14:0 SFA 的减少与总胆固醇、LDL 胆固醇、载脂蛋白 B 和胰岛素的降低有关。MUFA 的增加，特别是 C18:1n-9，与体重、脂肪量、脂肪量指数和葡萄糖的降低有关。关于多不饱和脂肪酸，n-3 系列的变化与研究的任何参数都没有关系，而 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸的减少与体重、脂肪量、总胆固醇和 HDL 胆固醇、载脂蛋白 A1、葡萄糖和胰岛素直接相关，与舒张压呈负相关。体重减轻较多的青少年 MUFA、n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸和 C14:0 发生了显著变化。
在针对青少年的减肥计划中，血浆 FA 组成的改变与体脂减少和心血管代谢特征的改善有关。FA 组成的变化与治疗的成功有关，因为受这些变化影响最大的个体是那些体重减轻最多的个体。
