Ojwang Alice Achieng, Kruger Herculina Salome, Zec Manja, Ricci Cristian, Pieters Marlien, Kruger Iolanthé Marike, Wentzel-Viljoen Edelweiss, Smuts Cornelius Mattheus
Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Email:
Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Medical Research Council Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Cardiovasc J Afr. 2019;30(4):228-238. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2019-026. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
Diets rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) have been associated with increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the evidence is inconsistent, whereas diets high in n-3 long-chain (LC) -PUFAs are associated with lower risk. There is limited information about the association of plasma phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) with obesity and the MetS among black South Africans.
To investigate the association of dietary FAs and plasma phospholipid FA patterns, respectively, with measures of adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio) and the MetS in black South Africans.
Factor analysis was used to identify FA patterns from 11 dietary FAs and 26 individual plasma phospholipid FAs. Cross-sectional association of the identified patterns with measures of adiposity and the MetS was investigated. A random sample of 711 black South African adults aged 30 to 70 years (273 men, 438 women) from the North West Province was selected from the South African leg of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Sequential regression models adjusted for confounders were applied to investigate the association between dietary FAs and plasma phospholipid FA patterns with measures of adiposity and the MetS.
Two patterns were derived from dietary FAs and six patterns from plasma phospholipid FAs that explained the cumulative variance of 89 and 73%, respectively. The association of FA patterns with adiposity and the MetS was weaker for dietary FA patterns than for plasma phospholipid FA patterns. The plasma phospholipid FA pattern with high loadings of saturated FAs (high-Satfat) and another with high loadings of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs (n-3 VLC-PUFAs) were positively associated with measures of adiposity and the MetS, while patterns with positive loadings of LC monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 LC-MUFA) and a positive loading of n-3 essential FAs (n-3 EFA) showed inverse associations with the MetS and some measures of adiposity.
The n-9 LC-MUFA and n-3 EFA patterns seemed to provide possible protective associations with adiposity and the MetS, whereas the high-Satfat and n-3 VLC-PUFA patterns were associated with adiposity and the MetS in our study participants. The results are reflective of the metabolic difference between overweight and obese compared to lean individuals.
富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的饮食与肥胖及代谢综合征（MetS）风险增加有关，但证据并不一致，而富含n-3长链（LC）-PUFA的饮食与较低风险相关。关于南非黑人血浆磷脂脂肪酸（FA）与肥胖及MetS之间关联的信息有限。
分别研究饮食FA和血浆磷脂FA模式与南非黑人肥胖指标（体重指数、腰围、腰高比）及MetS之间的关联。
采用因子分析从11种饮食FA和26种个体血浆磷脂FA中识别FA模式。研究识别出的模式与肥胖指标及MetS之间的横断面关联。从西北省选取了711名年龄在30至70岁之间的南非黑人成年人（273名男性，438名女性）作为前瞻性城乡流行病学（PURE）研究南非部分的随机样本。应用经混杂因素调整的序贯回归模型来研究饮食FA和血浆磷脂FA模式与肥胖指标及MetS之间的关联。
从饮食FA中得出两种模式，从血浆磷脂FA中得出六种模式，它们分别解释了89%和73%的累积方差。饮食FA模式与肥胖及MetS的关联比血浆磷脂FA模式更弱。饱和FA高负荷的血浆磷脂FA模式（高饱和脂肪）和n-3极长链PUFA高负荷的另一种模式与肥胖指标及MetS呈正相关，而LC单不饱和脂肪酸（n-9 LC-MUFA）正负荷和n-3必需脂肪酸（n-3 EFA）正负荷的模式与MetS及一些肥胖指标呈负相关。
在我们的研究参与者中，n-9 LC-MUFA和n-3 EFA模式似乎与肥胖及MetS存在可能的保护关联，而高饱和脂肪和n-3 VLC-PUFA模式与肥胖及MetS相关。结果反映了超重和肥胖个体与瘦个体之间的代谢差异。
