Pavela Roman, Canale Angelo, Mehlhorn Heinz, Benelli Giovanni
Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Res Vet Sci. 2016 Dec;109:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
Ticks transmit at least the same number or even more pathogens than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide affecting humans and animals. The eco-friendly control and management of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. Besides the development of vaccines against ticks, IPM practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock, emerging pheromone-based control tools, and few biological control agents, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remain the most effective and ready-to-use strategies. However, the former is limited by the development of growing resistances as well as environmental concerns. Exploiting plants and plant products as sources of effective tick repellents and acaricides represents a promising strategy. In this scenario, the preservation of ethnobotanical information on repellent and acaricidal potential of plants is crucial. Here, we evaluated relevant information published in recent years, focused on plants used as repellents and acaricides against tick vectors in different regions worldwide. We selected a total of 238 plant species, which are traditionally used against ticks by native and local communities of Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, South Africa), Europe (Serbia, Macedonia, Romania), Asia (Pakistan, India) and America (Brazil, Canada), from 56 families. However, only 7 families (i.e. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Apocynaceae and Solanaceae) represent the major quote (46%) of all plant species. We evaluated the differences in acaricidal and repellent efficacy of different formulations used. In the final section, implications arising from the surveyed anti-tick ethnobotanical knowledge and challenges for its future are discussed.
蜱虫传播的病原体数量至少与世界上其他任何一类吸血节肢动物相同，甚至更多，影响着人类和动物。在不断变化的环境中，以生态友好的方式控制和管理蜱虫媒介是一项严峻的挑战。除了开发抗蜱疫苗、旨在减少蜱虫与牲畜接触的综合虫害管理措施、新兴的基于信息素的控制工具以及少数生物控制剂外，大量使用杀螨剂和蜱虫驱避剂仍然是最有效且随时可用的策略。然而，前者受到耐药性不断增加以及环境问题的限制。利用植物及其产品作为有效的蜱虫驱避剂和杀螨剂来源是一种很有前景的策略。在这种情况下，保存有关植物驱避和杀螨潜力的民族植物学信息至关重要。在此，我们评估了近年来发表的相关信息，重点关注世界各地不同地区用于对抗蜱虫媒介的植物作为驱避剂和杀螨剂的情况。我们总共挑选了238种植物物种，它们是非洲（肯尼亚、乌干达、津巴布韦、南非）、欧洲（塞尔维亚、马其顿、罗马尼亚）、亚洲（巴基斯坦、印度）和美洲（巴西、加拿大）的本地和当地社区传统上用于对抗蜱虫的，来自56个科。然而，只有7个科（即菊科、大戟科、豆科、唇形科、楝科、夹竹桃科和茄科）占所有植物物种的主要比例（46%）。我们评估了所使用的不同配方在杀螨和驱避效果上的差异。在最后一部分，讨论了所调查的抗蜱民族植物学知识所产生的影响及其未来面临的挑战。
