Gouttebarge Vincent, Jonkers Ruud, Moen Maarten, Verhagen Evert, Wylleman Paul, Kerkhoffs Gino
a Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES) , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
b Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS) , Academic Medical Center, VU University medical center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Phys Sportsmed. 2017 Nov;45(4):426-432. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1370987. Epub 2017 Aug 28.
Scientific knowledge about symptoms of common mental disorders in elite sports is scarce. Consequently, the objectives of the study were to (i) establish the 12-month incidence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD; distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, adverse alcohol use, eating disorders) among Dutch elite athletes and (ii) explore their potential association with several stressors (being injured, recent life events, career dissatisfaction).
A prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up period was conducted. The study used validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of common mental disorders (thus not clinically diagnosed) as well as several stressors; an electronic questionnaire was set up and repeatedly distributed.
A total of 203 elite athletes gave their written informed consent to participate in the study, from which 143 completed the 12-month follow-up period (follow-up rate of 70%). Incidence of symptoms of CMD ranged from 6% for adverse alcohol use to 57% for symptoms of anxiety/depression. Over the follow-up period, around 17% of the participants reported two simultaneous symptoms of CMD, and around 19% reported three simultaneous symptoms of CMD. Inferences between some stressors and symptoms of CMD were found but none of the associations were statistically significant.
Substantial 12-month incidence rates of symptoms of CMD (self-reported and not clinically diagnosed) were found among Dutch elite athletes (especially for anxiety/depression), appearing similar to the ones found among athletes from other sports disciplines and the Dutch general population. Also, inferences between some stressors and symptoms of CMD were found but none of the associations were statistically significant. Supportive and preventive measures directed towards symptoms of CMD should be developed to improve awareness and psychological resilience of athletes, which would likely improve their performance and quality-of-life.
关于精英运动员常见精神障碍症状的科学知识匮乏。因此，本研究的目的是：（i）确定荷兰精英运动员中常见精神障碍（CMD；痛苦、焦虑/抑郁、睡眠障碍、不良饮酒行为、饮食失调）症状的12个月发病率；（ii）探讨这些症状与几种压力源（受伤、近期生活事件、职业不满）之间的潜在关联。
进行了一项为期12个月随访期的前瞻性队列研究。该研究使用经过验证的问卷来评估常见精神障碍症状（因此并非临床诊断）以及几种压力源；设置了一份电子问卷并反复分发。
共有203名精英运动员书面知情同意参与本研究，其中143名完成了12个月的随访期（随访率为70%）。CMD症状的发病率从不良饮酒行为的6%到焦虑/抑郁症状的57%不等。在随访期间，约17%的参与者报告同时出现两种CMD症状，约19%的参与者报告同时出现三种CMD症状。发现了一些压力源与CMD症状之间的关联，但没有一种关联具有统计学意义。
在荷兰精英运动员中发现了较高的CMD症状12个月发病率（自我报告且非临床诊断）（尤其是焦虑/抑郁），这与其他体育项目的运动员以及荷兰普通人群中的发病率相似。此外，发现了一些压力源与CMD症状之间的关联，但没有一种关联具有统计学意义。应制定针对CMD症状的支持性和预防性措施，以提高运动员的意识和心理适应能力，这可能会改善他们的表现和生活质量。
