Runacres Adam, Marshall Zoe A
Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2024 Dec 18;10(4):e001867. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001867. eCollection 2024.
To summarise the evidence regarding the prevalence of anxiety and depression in former elite athletes compared with the general population.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.CRD42022347359.
Five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) were searched from 1970 to 2023.
Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they: (1) were written in English; (2) included male or female elite athletes that had been retired ≥1 year; (3) included a control group population reference values; (4) reported the time-point prevalence of anxiety and/or depression; and (5) were of a retrospective, longitudinal or prospective, methodological design. A modified version of the Downs and Black tool was used to determine risk of bias.
37 unique studies including 24 732 former athletes (2% female) were included in the meta-analysis. The time-point prevalence of anxiety (prevalence ratio (PR): 2.08 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.60)) and depression (PR: 2.58 (95% CI 2.04 to 3.12)) in former athletes was over twice that of the general population. Subgroup analyses revealed former American football players and jockeys had the highest time-point prevalence of both anxiety and depression (PR: 2.24-2.88), whereas the time-point prevalence of depression and anxiety was not significantly different to the general population for former rugby players (PR: 1.13-1.30).
Our meta-analyses demonstrated the time-point prevalence of anxiety and depression in former elite athletes could be over twice that of the general population, with sport-specific differences evident.
CRD42022347359.
总结与普通人群相比，前精英运动员中焦虑和抑郁患病率的相关证据。
系统评价和荟萃分析。CRD42022347359。
检索了1970年至2023年的五个电子数据库（科学网、PubMed、MEDLINE、Scopus和SPORTDiscus）。
符合以下条件的研究纳入荟萃分析：（1）英文撰写；（2）纳入已退役≥1年的男性或女性精英运动员；（3）纳入对照组人群参考值；（4）报告焦虑和/或抑郁的时间点患病率；（5）为回顾性、纵向或前瞻性方法设计。使用Downs和Black工具的修改版来确定偏倚风险。
荟萃分析纳入了37项独特研究，包括24732名前运动员（2%为女性）。前运动员中焦虑（患病率比（PR）：2.08（95%置信区间1.57至2.60））和抑郁（PR：2.58（95%置信区间2.04至3.12））的时间点患病率是普通人群的两倍多。亚组分析显示，前美式足球运动员和骑师的焦虑和抑郁时间点患病率最高（PR：2.24 - 2.88），而前橄榄球运动员的抑郁和焦虑时间点患病率与普通人群无显著差异（PR：1.13 - 1.30）。
我们的荟萃分析表明，前精英运动员中焦虑和抑郁 的时间点患病率可能是普通人群的两倍多，且存在明显的运动项目差异。
PROSPERO注册号：CRD42022347359。
