Cicchino Jessica B, Kidd David G
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2024;25(3):440-444. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2321910. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
Automatic emergency braking (AEB) and forward collision warning (FCW) are effective at preventing rear-end crashes, but they may perform better in some rear-end crash scenarios than others. The goal of this study was to estimate the effects of front crash prevention systems equipped to passenger vehicles in crashes where another passenger vehicle, a medium/heavy truck, or a motorcycle is struck and compare effectiveness by struck vehicle type.
More than 160,000 two-vehicle rear-end crashes were identified where a passenger vehicle with or without FCW and AEB was the striking vehicle and another passenger vehicle, medium/heavy truck, or motorcycle was the struck vehicle. Poisson regression was used to estimate the effect of front crash prevention by struck vehicle type on rear-end crash rates per registered vehicle year, accounting for the state and year of the crash and the make, model year, class, and engine type of the striking vehicle.
Front crash prevention was associated with a 53% reduction in rear-end crash rates when striking another passenger vehicle, which was significantly larger than the reductions of 38% when striking a medium/heavy truck and 41% when striking a motorcycle. Reductions in rear-end injury crash rates when striking a passenger vehicle also were larger than when striking a medium/heavy truck and when striking a motorcycle.
If all passenger vehicles were equipped with FCW and AEB that were as effective in crashes striking a truck or motorcycle as they are in crashes with another passenger vehicle, over 5,500 additional crashes with medium/heavy trucks and 500 with motorcycles could potentially be prevented annually in the United States above what would be expected from current front crash prevention systems. Extending front crash prevention testing in consumer information programs to include motorcycle and truck targets could encourage auto manufacturers to improve performance in these crash scenarios.
自动紧急制动（AEB）和前碰撞预警（FCW）在预防追尾事故方面是有效的，但它们在某些追尾事故场景中的表现可能优于其他场景。本研究的目的是评估乘用车配备的前碰撞预防系统在与另一辆乘用车、中型/重型卡车或摩托车发生碰撞时的效果，并按被撞车辆类型比较有效性。
识别出超过160,000起两车追尾事故，其中有或没有FCW和AEB的乘用车为碰撞车辆，另一辆乘用车、中型/重型卡车或摩托车为被撞车辆。使用泊松回归来估计按被撞车辆类型划分的前碰撞预防对每注册车辆年追尾事故率的影响，同时考虑碰撞的州和年份以及碰撞车辆的品牌、车型年份、类别和发动机类型。
当碰撞另一辆乘用车时，前碰撞预防与追尾事故率降低53%相关，这显著大于碰撞中型/重型卡车时降低38%以及碰撞摩托车时降低41%。碰撞乘用车时追尾伤害事故率的降低也大于碰撞中型/重型卡车和碰撞摩托车时。
如果所有乘用车都配备在与卡车或摩托车碰撞时与在与另一辆乘用车碰撞时同样有效的FCW和AEB，在美国每年可能会额外预防超过5500起与中型/重型卡车的碰撞以及500起与摩托车的碰撞，超过当前前碰撞预防系统预期的数量。在消费者信息项目中扩展前碰撞预防测试以包括摩托车和卡车目标，可能会鼓励汽车制造商在这些碰撞场景中提高性能。
