Felix Ashley S, Yang Hannah P, Bell Daphne W, Sherman Mark E
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;943:3-46. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_1.
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed nations, and the annual incidence is projected to increase, secondary to the high prevalence of obesity, a strong endometrial carcinoma risk factor. Although endometrial carcinomas are etiologically, biologically, and clinically diverse, hormonal and metabolic mechanisms are particularly strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrioid carcinoma, the numerically predominant subtype. The centrality of hormonal and metabolic disturbances in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, combined with its slow development from well-characterized precursors in most cases, offers a substantial opportunity to reduce endometrial carcinoma mortality through early detection, lifestyle modification, and chemoprevention. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology of endometrial carcinoma, emphasizing theories that link risk factors for these tumors to hormonal and metabolic mechanisms. Future translational research opportunities related to prevention are discussed.
子宫内膜癌是发达国家最常见的妇科癌症，由于肥胖（一种很强的子宫内膜癌风险因素）的高患病率，预计其年发病率将会上升。尽管子宫内膜癌在病因、生物学和临床方面存在差异，但激素和代谢机制在子宫内膜样癌（数量上占主导的亚型）的发病机制中尤为重要。激素和代谢紊乱在子宫内膜癌发病机制中的核心地位，加上在大多数情况下其从特征明确的前驱病变缓慢发展，为通过早期检测、生活方式改变和化学预防降低子宫内膜癌死亡率提供了重大机会。在本章中，我们回顾子宫内膜癌的流行病学，重点阐述将这些肿瘤的风险因素与激素和代谢机制联系起来的理论。还讨论了与预防相关的未来转化研究机会。
