Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Feb 1;579:1379-1386. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.135. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
Nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO) is widespread in many commercial products and several authors investigated its ecotoxicity effects focusing mainly on freshwater environments. Data on saltwater species are still lacking or present contradicting results. We compared for the first time the toxicity of TiCl and nTiO considering standard toxicity tests with microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (growth inhibition test, 1.8-90mg/L) and crustacean Artemia franciscana (mortality test, 0.5-64mg/L). For A. franciscana, two alternative scenarios were considered beside standard protocol: i) darkness; and ii) starvation. About microalgae, results evidenced that effects of TiCl (EC50=63mg/L) were greater than nTiO (no EC50), but IC10 and IC20 were significantly lower suggesting that nTiO is more harmful than TiCl at lower concentrations. The effects of TiCl to crustaceans larvae in all exposure scenarios were lower compared to nTiO (EC50(96h)=15mg/L - standard protocol). During toxicity testing, the absence of light generally lowered nTiO effects while starvation increased the toxicity of both TiCl and nTiO.
纳米级二氧化钛（nTiO）广泛存在于许多商业产品中，有几位作者主要针对淡水环境研究了其生态毒性效应。关于海水物种的数据仍然缺乏或存在相互矛盾的结果。我们首次比较了 TiCl 和 nTiO 的毒性，同时考虑了用微藻三角褐指藻（生长抑制试验，1.8-90mg/L）和卤虫（死亡率试验，0.5-64mg/L）进行的标准毒性试验。对于卤虫，除了标准方案外，还考虑了两种替代方案：i）黑暗；ii）饥饿。关于微藻，结果表明 TiCl（EC50=63mg/L）的作用大于 nTiO（无 EC50），但 IC10 和 IC20 明显较低，表明 nTiO 在较低浓度下比 TiCl 更有害。在所有暴露情况下，TiCl 对甲壳类幼虫的影响均低于 nTiO（EC50（96h）=15mg/L-标准方案）。在毒性试验过程中，光照的缺失通常会降低 nTiO 的作用，而饥饿则会增加 TiCl 和 nTiO 的毒性。
