Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
Molecules. 2017 Aug 31;22(9):1439. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091439.
Nano-based products are widespread in several sectors, including textiles, medical-products, cosmetics, paints and plastics. Nanosafety and safe-by-design are driving nanoparticle (NP) production and applications through NP functionalization (@NPs). Indeed, @NPs frequently present biological effects that differ from the parent material. This paper reviews the impact of quantum dots (QDs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and polystyrene-cored NPs (PSNPs), evidencing the role of NP functionalization in toxicity definition. Key biological models were taken into consideration for NP evaluation: , fresh- (F) and saltwater (S) microalgae ( (F), (F) and spp. (F), and (S)), , and . QDs are quite widespread in technological devices, and they are known to induce genotoxicity and oxidative stress that can drastically change according to the coating employed. For example, AuNPs are frequently functionalized with antimicrobial peptides, which is shown to both increase their activity and decrease the relative environmental toxicity. P-NPs are frequently coated with NH₂ for cationic and COOH for anionic surfaces, but when positively charged toxicity effects can be observed. Careful assessment of functionalized and non-functionalized NPs is compulsory to also understand their potential direct and indirect effects when the coating is removed or degraded.
纳米产品广泛应用于多个领域，包括纺织品、医疗器械、化妆品、涂料和塑料。纳米安全性和设计安全推动了纳米颗粒（NP）的生产和应用，通过 NP 功能化（@NPs）。事实上，@NPs 经常表现出与母体材料不同的生物效应。本文综述了量子点（QDs）、金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）和聚苯乙烯核纳米颗粒（PSNPs）的影响，证明了 NP 功能化在毒性定义中的作用。考虑了关键的生物模型进行 NP 评估：淡水（F）和盐水（S）微藻（ (F)、 (F)和 spp. (F)，和 (S))、 和 。QDs 在技术设备中应用广泛，已知其具有遗传毒性和氧化应激，这些毒性可以根据所使用的涂层而发生巨大变化。例如，AuNPs 经常用抗菌肽功能化，这不仅增加了它们的活性，还降低了相对环境毒性。P-NPs 经常用 NH₂ 涂覆以形成阳离子表面，用 COOH 涂覆以形成阴离子表面，但当带正电荷时会观察到毒性效应。必须仔细评估功能化和非功能化的 NPs，以了解在涂层被去除或降解时它们的潜在直接和间接影响。
