澳大利亚的执业护士处方：全面文献综述。
Nurse practitioner prescribing in Australia: A comprehensive literature review.
机构信息
Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Australia.
School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Australia.
出版信息
Aust Crit Care. 2017 Sep;30(5):252-259. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
BACKGROUND
In Australia, the nurse practitioner (NP) obtained prescriptive authority in some jurisdictions in 2001. One of the key aspects in which the scope of NPs differs from Registered Nurses (RNs) relates to the legal privilege to prescribe medications. Although NPs have had prescriptive authority in Australia since 2001, with access to the Commonwealth subsidy scheme (PBS) since 2010, little is known about NPs prescriptive patterns or outcomes of prescriptive practice.
AIM
The aim of this scoping review was to examine the extent, range and nature of research conducted in relation to NP prescribing in the Australian health context as well as identify gaps in the existing literature. Whilst considerable research has been undertaken on medical prescribing, to date there is no published review of studies regarding NP prescribing in the Australian context.
METHOD
A structured search of the literature was undertaken using permutations of the following key words 'nurse practitioner prescribing Australia', 'nurse practitioner and prescribing', 'advanced practice nurse and prescribing', 'nurse practitioner and Australia'. Databases where searched from January 2000 to January 2016. Databases searched include PsycInfo, Pubmed, CINAHL and Medline.
FINDINGS
There are a number of distinguishing features of NP prescribing practices in the Australian context. Little is known about the prescribing behaviours of critical care NPs in both the international and Australian context. Key themes identified were: barriers to prescribing, attitudes to NP prescribing, frequency of prescribing, types of medications prescribed, prescribing practice behaviours and confidence in prescribing.
CONCLUSION
The impact of legislative changes on Australian NPs clinical practice and service delivery is still evolving. This review should create impetus for further research to determine the outcomes of NP prescribing on both patient and health service outcomes in the Australian healthcare context including critical care settings.
背景
2001 年，在澳大利亚的一些司法管辖区，护士从业者（NP）获得了处方权。NP 的范围与注册护士（RN）不同的一个关键方面与开处方的法律特权有关。尽管自 2001 年以来，NP 已在澳大利亚拥有处方权，并自 2010 年以来可以使用联邦补贴计划（PBS），但人们对 NP 的处方模式或处方实践的结果知之甚少。
目的
本范围审查的目的是检查与澳大利亚卫生背景下 NP 处方相关的研究的程度、范围和性质，并确定现有文献中的空白。虽然已经对医学处方进行了大量研究，但迄今为止，尚无关于澳大利亚 NP 处方的研究的综述。
方法
使用以下关键词的组合对文献进行了结构化搜索：“澳大利亚的护士从业者处方”、“护士从业者和处方”、“高级实践护士和处方”、“护士从业者和澳大利亚”。搜索了从 2000 年 1 月至 2016 年 1 月的数据库。搜索的数据库包括 PsycInfo、Pubmed、CINAHL 和 Medline。
发现
在澳大利亚背景下，NP 处方实践有一些显著的特点。在国际和澳大利亚背景下，关于重症监护 NP 处方行为的了解甚少。确定的关键主题包括：处方障碍、对 NP 处方的态度、处方频率、处方药物类型、处方实践行为和处方信心。
结论
立法变化对澳大利亚 NP 临床实践和服务提供的影响仍在不断发展。该审查应促使进一步研究，以确定澳大利亚医疗保健背景下（包括重症监护环境）NP 处方对患者和卫生服务结果的影响。
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