Santistevan Jamie, Long Brit, Koyfman Alex
BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
J Emerg Med. 2017 Apr;52(4):457-471. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.10.027. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
Rash is a common complaint in the emergency department. Many causes of rash are benign; however, some patients may have a life-threatening diagnosis.
This review will present an algorithmic approach to rashes, focusing on life-threatening causes of rash in each category.
Rash is common, with a wide range of etiologies. The differential is broad, consisting of many conditions that are self-resolving. However, several conditions associated with rash are life threatening. Several keys can be utilized to rapidly diagnose and manage these deadly rashes. Thorough history and physical examination, followed by consideration of red flags, are essential. This review focuses on four broad categories based on visual and tactile characteristic patterns of rashes: petechial/purpuric, erythematous, maculopapular, and vesiculobullous. Rashes in each morphologic group will be further categorized based on clinical features such as the presence or absence of fever and distribution of skin lesions.
Rashes can be divided into petechial/purpuric, erythematous, maculopapular, and vesiculobullous. After this differentiation, the presence of fever and systemic signs of illness should be assessed. Through the breakdown of rashes into these classes, emergency providers can ensure deadly conditions are considered.
皮疹是急诊科常见的主诉。许多皮疹病因是良性的；然而，一些患者可能患有危及生命的疾病。
本综述将介绍一种针对皮疹的算法方法，重点关注各类别中危及生命的皮疹病因。
皮疹很常见，病因广泛。鉴别诊断范围很广，包括许多可自行缓解的情况。然而，一些与皮疹相关的情况会危及生命。可以利用几个关键要点来快速诊断和处理这些致命的皮疹。全面的病史和体格检查，随后考虑警示信号，至关重要。本综述基于皮疹的视觉和触觉特征模式，重点关注四大类：瘀点/紫癜性、红斑性、斑丘疹性和水疱大疱性。每个形态学组的皮疹将根据临床特征进一步分类，如是否发热以及皮肤病变的分布情况。
皮疹可分为瘀点/紫癜性、红斑性、斑丘疹性和水疱大疱性。进行这种区分后，应评估是否发热及全身疾病体征。通过将皮疹细分为这些类别，急诊医护人员可以确保考虑到致命情况。
