Muzumdar Sonal, Rothe Marti Jill, Grant-Kels Jane M
Dermatology Department, University of CT Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Dermatology Department, University of CT Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Clin Dermatol. 2019 Mar-Apr;37(2):109-118. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.004. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
There is a broad differential diagnosis for the presentation of fever and maculopapular rash in an adult. Although some causative conditions are benign, others are medical emergencies that require prompt diagnosis. We describe various conditions that result in a fever and maculopapular rash in adults. These include infectious processes (meningococcemia, infectious mononucleosis, West Nile virus, zika virus, rubella, primary human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus B19, ebolavirus), tick-borne illnesses (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis), and hypersensitivity reactions (exanthematous drug reactions). We also provide an algorithm to aid in the diagnosis of the patient with fever and maculopapular rash. Such conditions that can occur in adults but are seen predominantly in children are discussed in the article "Rash with maculopapules and fever in children" of this issue.
成人出现发热和斑丘疹的鉴别诊断范围很广。虽然一些致病情况是良性的，但其他情况则是需要迅速诊断的医疗急症。我们描述了导致成人发热和斑丘疹的各种情况。这些包括感染性疾病（脑膜炎球菌血症、传染性单核细胞增多症、西尼罗河病毒、寨卡病毒、风疹、原发性人类免疫缺陷病毒、细小病毒B19、埃博拉病毒）、蜱传疾病（落基山斑疹热、埃立克体病）以及超敏反应（药疹）。我们还提供了一种算法来帮助诊断发热和斑丘疹患者。本文“儿童斑丘疹伴发热”一文中讨论了此类虽可发生于成人但主要见于儿童的情况。
