Department of Skin Diseases and Allergology, Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Zwickau, Zwickau, Germany.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Clin Dermatol. 2020 Jan-Feb;38(1):3-18. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.07.036. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Hemorrhagic rashes are observed in a wide variety of conditions, ranging from harmless to life-threatening. This review offers a stepwise approach, which helps limit the possible differential diagnoses based on the clinical manifestations and the clinical picture. The most common and most important conditions, including infectious, coagulation and embolic disorders, vasculitides, and vasculopathies, are briefly reviewed focusing on morphology. Dermatologists often need to distinguish among infectious, reactive, or autoimmune etiologies of the rash and determine if the condition is dangerous or even life-threatening in order to make the right decision. Dermatologic expertise provides vital input in the diagnosis and care of complex interdisciplinary patients, such as those with sepsis, purpura fulminans, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
出血性皮疹可见于多种疾病，从无生命危险到危及生命。本综述提供了一种逐步的方法，有助于根据临床表现和临床图片来限制可能的鉴别诊断。最常见和最重要的疾病，包括感染、凝血和栓塞性疾病、血管炎和血管病，简要回顾了重点形态。皮肤科医生经常需要区分皮疹的感染、反应性或自身免疫性病因，并确定病情是否危险甚至危及生命，以便做出正确的决策。皮肤科专业知识为复杂的跨学科患者（如败血症、暴发性紫癜和血栓性血小板减少性紫癜患者）的诊断和护理提供了重要的依据。
