Isogai Tadamoto, Innocenti Metello
Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2016 Dec 15;44(6):1701-1708. doi: 10.1042/BST20160187.
Formin family proteins (formins) represent an evolutionary conserved protein family encoded in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. Formins are hallmarked by a formin homology 1 (FH1) domain juxtaposed to an FH2 domain whereby they control actin and microtubule dynamics. Not surprisingly, formins are best known as key regulators of the cytoskeleton in a variety of morphogenetic processes. However, mounting evidence implicates several formins in the assembly and organization of actin within and around the nucleus. In addition, actin-independent roles for formins have recently been discovered. In this mini-review, we summarize these findings and highlight the novel nuclear and perinulcear functions of formins. In light of the emerging new biology of formins, we also discuss the fundamental principles governing the versatile activity and multimodal regulation of these proteins.
formin家族蛋白（formin）是一个在进化上保守的蛋白家族，在多种真核生物的基因组中编码。formin的特征是一个formin同源结构域1（FH1）与一个FH2结构域并列，借此它们控制肌动蛋白和微管动力学。毫不奇怪，formin在各种形态发生过程中作为细胞骨架的关键调节因子而最为人所知。然而，越来越多的证据表明，几种formin参与了细胞核内和细胞核周围肌动蛋白的组装和组织。此外，最近还发现了formin不依赖肌动蛋白的作用。在这篇小型综述中，我们总结了这些发现，并强调了formin的新型核功能和核周功能。鉴于formin新出现的生物学特性，我们还讨论了支配这些蛋白多功能活性和多模式调节的基本原理。
