Inserm, UMR 1052, Groupe de Radiobiologie, Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), 31 Avenue de la division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2016 Oct-Dec;770(Pt B):369-386. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 4.
The human response to ionizing radiation (IR) varies among individuals. The first evidence of the individual response to IR was reported in the beginning of the 20th century. Considering nearly one century of observations, we here propose three aspects of individual IR response: radiosensitivity for early or late adverse tissue events after radiotherapy on normal tissues (non-cancer effects attributable to cell death); radiosusceptibility for IR-induced cancers; and radiodegeneration for non-cancer effects that are often attributable to mechanisms other than cell death (e.g., cataracts and circulatory disease). All the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind IR-induced individual effects are not fully elucidated. However, some specific assays may help their quantification according to the dose and to the genetic status. Accumulated data on individual factors have suggested that the individual IR response cannot be ignored and raises some clinical and societal issues. The individual IR response therefore needs to be taken into account to better evaluate the risks related to IR exposure.
人类对电离辐射（IR）的反应因人而异。个体对 IR 的反应的第一个证据是在 20 世纪初报告的。考虑到近一个世纪的观察结果，我们在这里提出个体 IR 反应的三个方面：放射敏感性，用于放疗后正常组织的早期或晚期不良组织事件（归因于细胞死亡的非癌症效应）；辐射易感性，用于 IR 诱导的癌症；非癌症效应的放射退变，这些效应通常归因于细胞死亡以外的机制（例如白内障和循环系统疾病）。IR 诱导个体效应背后的所有分子和细胞机制尚未完全阐明。然而，根据剂量和遗传状态，一些特定的检测方法可能有助于对其进行量化。个体因素的累积数据表明，个体对 IR 的反应不容忽视，并引发了一些临床和社会问题。因此，需要考虑个体对 IR 的反应，以更好地评估与 IR 暴露相关的风险。
