Ackerman Hayley D, Gerhard Glenn S
Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2016 Nov 22;8:263. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00263. eCollection 2016.
Bile acids, a structurally related group of molecules derived from cholesterol, have a long history as therapeutic agents in medicine, from treatment for primarily ocular diseases in ancient Chinese medicine to modern day use as approved drugs for certain liver diseases. Despite evidence supporting a neuroprotective role in a diverse spectrum of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including several small pilot clinical trials, little is known about their molecular mechanisms or their physiological roles in the nervous system. We review the data reported for their use as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and their underlying molecular basis. While data from cellular and animal models and clinical trials support potential efficacy to treat a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, the relevant bile acids, their origin, and the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which they confer neuroprotection are not known delaying translation to the clinical setting.
胆汁酸是一类结构相关的分子，由胆固醇衍生而来，作为治疗药物在医学领域有着悠久的历史，从古代中医主要用于治疗眼部疾病到现代作为某些肝脏疾病的获批药物。尽管有证据支持胆汁酸在多种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病中具有神经保护作用，包括几项小型先导性临床试验，但对于它们在神经系统中的分子机制或生理作用却知之甚少。我们综述了有关胆汁酸用于治疗神经退行性疾病及其潜在分子基础的报道数据。虽然来自细胞和动物模型以及临床试验的数据支持其治疗多种神经退行性疾病的潜在疗效，但相关的胆汁酸、它们的来源以及它们赋予神经保护作用的确切分子机制尚不清楚，这延缓了其向临床应用的转化。
