Vallier Loris, Cointe Sylvie, Lacroix Romaric, Bonifay Amandine, Judicone Coralie, Dignat-George Françoise, Kwaan Hau C
VRCM, UMR_S1076, UFR de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.
Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2017 Mar;43(2):129-134. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1592301. Epub 2016 Dec 6.
Microparticles (MPs) are submicronic vesicles which are formed by budding of the cellular membrane of virtually any cell type in response to cell activation or apoptosis. Both circulating MPs and MPs generated within tissues harbor molecules with a large repertoire of biological activities and transfer material to target cells. Depending on their cellular origin, the stimuli triggering their formation, or their localization, they may participate in the maintenance of organ or vascular homeostasis as well as inducing dysfunction. MPs have mostly been described as having procoagulant properties. However, the fact that some MP subsets are able to efficiently generate plasmin suggests that the role of MPs in hemostasis is more complex than initially thought. In this review, we summarize key findings showing that MPs provide a heterogeneous catalytic surface for plasmin generation, according to their cellular origin. We further address the specific features of the MP-dependent fibrinolytic system. Potential consequences of this MP-associated fibrinolytic activity in pathology are illustrated in cancer.
微粒（MPs）是亚微米级的囊泡，由几乎任何细胞类型的细胞膜出芽形成，以响应细胞激活或凋亡。循环中的微粒以及组织内产生的微粒都含有具有多种生物活性的分子，并将物质转移到靶细胞。根据其细胞来源、触发其形成的刺激因素或其定位，它们可能参与器官或血管稳态的维持以及诱导功能障碍。微粒大多被描述为具有促凝特性。然而，一些微粒亚群能够有效产生纤溶酶这一事实表明，微粒在止血中的作用比最初认为的更为复杂。在本综述中，我们总结了关键发现，即根据其细胞来源，微粒为纤溶酶的产生提供了异质催化表面。我们进一步探讨了微粒依赖性纤维蛋白溶解系统的具体特征。这种与微粒相关的纤维蛋白溶解活性在癌症等病理学中的潜在后果也得到了阐述。
