Easton Stephanie, Pinchbeck Gina L, Tzelos Thomas, Bartley David J, Hotchkiss Emily, Hodgkinson Jane E, Matthews Jacqueline B
Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK.
Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK.
Prev Vet Med. 2016 Dec 1;135:17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.017. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Helminths are common pathogens of equids and anthelmintic resistance is a major issue in cyathostomin species and Parascaris equorum. At the heart of mitigating the impact of increasing anthelmintic resistance levels, is the responsible dissemination and use of these medicines following best practice principles. There is a paucity of information on interactions between horse owners and anthelmintic prescribers and how this shapes control. Here, a study was undertaken to determine opinions and experiences of horse owners as they relate to anthelmintics purchase and implementation of best practice control. An online survey was distributed via email and social media to explore owners' experiences of purchasing anthelmintics from United Kingdom prescribers, these being veterinarians, suitably qualified persons (SQPs) and pharmacists. Owner responses (n=494) were analysed statistically to compare answers of respondents grouped according to: (i) from whom they bought anthelmintics (Veterinarians n=60; SQPs n=256; Pharmacists n=42; More than one channel n=136), and (ii) by which route (Face-to-face n=234; Telephone n=31; Online n=226) they purchased. Owners who purchased from veterinarians predominantly did so face-to-face (81.3%), whilst those that bought from SQPs purchased via face-to-face (48.8%) and online (46.0%) interactions. Those who purchased from pharmacists predominantly bought anthelmintics online (76.2%). Participants who bought from veterinarians were more likely to view certain factors (i.e. time to talk to the supplier, supplier knowledge) as more important than those who purchased from other prescribers. Those who purchased from veterinarians were more likely to be recommended faecal egg count (FEC) test analysis; however, there was high uptake of FEC testing across all groups. There was a low uptake of anthelmintic efficacy testing; regardless of the prescriber type from whom anthelmintics were purchased. Those who purchased from veterinarians were more likely to agree that anthelmintics should be sold as veterinary prescription-only medicines. Those who purchased online (regardless of which type of prescriber they bought from) were less likely to consider prescriber advice or knowledge when deciding which product to buy and indicated that sellers were less likely to raise use of anthelmintics for targeting parasites. Across all groups, many owners stated that they were aware of or used non-chemical control measures such as dung removal and diagnostic FEC testing to target treatments. In summary, there were some differences in the type of advice provided at the point of purchase and this was dependent upon whom anthelmintics were purchased from and by which route they were bought.
蠕虫是马科动物的常见病原体，抗蠕虫药耐药性是杯环线虫属物种和马副蛔虫中的一个主要问题。减轻抗蠕虫药耐药性水平上升影响的核心在于遵循最佳实践原则，负责任地分发和使用这些药物。关于马主与抗蠕虫药开处方者之间的互动以及这种互动如何影响控制措施，目前信息匮乏。在此，开展了一项研究，以确定马主在抗蠕虫药购买及最佳实践控制措施实施方面的看法和经历。通过电子邮件和社交媒体分发了一项在线调查，以探究马主从英国开处方者（即兽医、具备适当资质的人员（SQP）和药剂师）处购买抗蠕虫药的经历。对马主的回复（n = 494）进行了统计分析，以比较根据以下因素分组的受访者的答案：（i）他们从谁那里购买抗蠕虫药（兽医n = 60；SQP n = 256；药剂师n = 42；多个渠道n = 136），以及（ii）他们通过何种途径（面对面n = 234；电话n = 31；在线n = 226）购买。从兽医那里购买抗蠕虫药的马主主要是通过面对面的方式（81.3%），而从SQP那里购买的马主则通过面对面（48.8%）和在线（46.0%）互动的方式购买。从药剂师那里购买抗蠕虫药的马主主要是在网上购买（76.2%）。与从其他开处方者那里购买抗蠕虫药的马主相比，从兽医那里购买的参与者更有可能认为某些因素（即与供应商交谈的时间、供应商的知识）更为重要。从兽医那里购买抗蠕虫药的马主更有可能被推荐进行粪便虫卵计数（FEC）检测分析；然而，所有组中FEC检测的接受度都很高。抗蠕虫药疗效检测的接受度较低；无论抗蠕虫药是从哪种类型的开处方者那里购买的。从兽医那里购买抗蠕虫药的马主更有可能同意抗蠕虫药应作为仅凭兽医处方销售的药品。那些在网上购买（无论他们从哪种类型的开处方者那里购买）的人在决定购买哪种产品时不太可能考虑开处方者的建议或知识，并表示卖家不太可能提及针对寄生虫使用抗蠕虫药的问题。在所有组中，许多马主表示他们了解或使用了非化学控制措施，如清除粪便和进行诊断性FEC检测以针对性治疗。总之，购买时提供的建议类型存在一些差异，这取决于抗蠕虫药是从谁那里购买的以及购买途径。
