INRA/Université de Tours UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, France.
INRA/Université de Tours UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, France.
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2017 Dec;7(3):407-415. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.10.007. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Intestinal strongyles are the most problematic endoparasites of equids as a result of their wide distribution and the spread of resistant isolates throughout the world. While abundant literature can be found on the extent of anthelmintic resistance across continents, empirical knowledge about associated risk factors is missing. This study brought together results from anthelmintic efficacy testing and risk factor analysis to provide evidence-based guidelines in the field. It involved 688 horses from 39 French horse farms and riding schools to both estimate Faecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) after anthelmintic treatment and to interview farm and riding school managers about their practices. Risk factors associated with reduced anthelmintic efficacy in equine strongyles were estimated across drugs using a marginal modelling approach. Results demonstrated ivermectin efficacy (96.3% ± 14.5% FECR), the inefficacy of fenbendazole (42.8% ± 33.4% FECR) and an intermediate profile for pyrantel (90.3% ± 19.6% FECR). Risk factor analysis provided support to advocate for FEC-based treatment regimens combined with individual anthelmintic dosage and the enforcement of tighter biosecurity around horse introduction. The combination of these measures resulted in a decreased risk of drug resistance (relative risk of 0.57, p = 0.02). Premises falling under this typology also relied more on their veterinarians suggesting practitionners play an important role in the sustainability of anthelmintic usage. Similarly, drug resistance risk was halved in premises with frequent pasture rotation and with stocking rate below five horses/ha (relative risk of 0.53, p < 0.01). This is the first empirical risk factor analysis for anthelmintic resistance in equids. Our findings should guide the implementation of more sustained strongyle management in the field.
肠道线虫是马属动物最成问题的内寄生虫，因为它们分布广泛，并且具有抗药性的分离株在世界各地传播。虽然有大量关于抗药性在各大洲的广泛程度的文献，但关于相关风险因素的经验知识却缺乏。这项研究汇集了驱虫剂功效测试和风险因素分析的结果，为该领域提供了循证指南。它涉及来自法国 39 个马场和骑术学校的 688 匹马，以评估驱虫剂治疗后的粪便虫卵减少率（FECR），并对农场和骑术学校的管理人员进行有关其做法的访谈。使用边缘建模方法，估计了马属动物肠道线虫中与驱虫剂功效降低相关的风险因素。结果表明伊维菌素的功效（96.3%±14.5%的 FECR）、芬苯达唑的无效（42.8%±33.4%的 FECR）和吡喹酮的中间效果（90.3%±19.6%的 FECR）。风险因素分析为提倡基于 FEC 的治疗方案提供了支持，该方案结合了个体驱虫剂量和加强马匹引入的生物安全措施。这些措施的结合降低了药物耐药性的风险（相对风险为 0.57，p=0.02）。属于这种类型的马场均更多地依赖兽医，这表明从业者在驱虫剂使用的可持续性方面发挥着重要作用。同样，在频繁轮牧和畜群密度低于每公顷 5 匹马的马场均将药物耐药性风险降低了一半（相对风险为 0.53，p<0.01）。这是对马属动物驱虫剂耐药性的首次经验风险因素分析。我们的研究结果应该指导在现场更持续地管理肠道线虫。
