Lieberman Harris R, Agarwal Sanjiv, Fulgoni Victor L
Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA;
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD; and.
J Nutr. 2016 Dec;146(12):2609S-2615S. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.226969. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
Tryptophan is an indispensable amino acid and is a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Tryptophan metabolites, such as serotonin and melatonin, are thought to participate in the regulation of mood and sleep and tryptophan is used to treat insomnia, sleep apnea, and depression.
This study examined the intake of tryptophan and its associations with biochemical, behavioral, sleep, and health and safety outcomes in adults in a secondary analysis of a large, publicly available database of the US population.
Data from the NHANES 2001-2012 (n = 29,687) were used to determine daily intakes of tryptophan and its associations with biochemical markers of health- and safety-related outcomes, self-reported depression, and sleep-related variables. Data were adjusted for demographic factors and protein intake. Linear trends were computed across deciles of intake for each outcome variable, and P-trends were determined.
The usual tryptophan intake by US adults was 826 mg/d, severalfold higher than the Estimated Average Requirement for adults of 4 mg/(kg ⋅ d) (∼280 mg/d for a 70-kg adult). Most health- and safety-related biochemical markers of liver function, kidney function, and carbohydrate metabolism were not significantly (P-trend > 0.05) associated with deciles of tryptophan intake and were well within normal ranges, even for individuals in the 99th percentile of intake. Usual intake deciles of tryptophan were inversely associated with self-reported depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire raw score (0-27; P-trend < 0.01) and calculated level (1 = no depression, 5 = severe depression; P-trend < 0.01) and were positively associated with self-reported sleep duration (P-trend = 0.02).
Tryptophan intake was not related to most markers of liver function, kidney function or carbohydrate metabolism. Levels of tryptophan intake in the US population appear to be safe as shown by the absence of abnormal laboratory findings. Tryptophan intake was inversely associated with self-reported level of depression and positively associated with sleep duration.
色氨酸是一种必需氨基酸，是神经递质血清素的前体。色氨酸代谢产物，如血清素和褪黑素，被认为参与情绪和睡眠的调节，色氨酸被用于治疗失眠、睡眠呼吸暂停和抑郁症。
本研究在对一个大型公开可用的美国人群数据库进行二次分析时，调查了成年人色氨酸的摄入量及其与生化、行为、睡眠以及健康和安全结果之间的关联。
使用2001 - 2012年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据（n = 29,687）来确定色氨酸的每日摄入量及其与健康和安全相关结果的生化标志物、自我报告的抑郁症以及睡眠相关变量之间的关联。数据针对人口统计学因素和蛋白质摄入量进行了调整。计算每个结果变量摄入量十分位数的线性趋势，并确定P趋势。
美国成年人色氨酸的通常摄入量为826毫克/天，比成年人的估计平均需求量4毫克/（千克·天）（70千克成年人约为280毫克/天）高出几倍。大多数与健康和安全相关的肝功能、肾功能及碳水化合物代谢的生化标志物与色氨酸摄入量的十分位数无显著关联（P趋势>0.05），且即使是摄入量处于第99百分位数的个体，这些指标也都在正常范围内。色氨酸的通常摄入量十分位数与通过患者健康问卷原始得分（0 - 27）和计算水平（1 = 无抑郁，5 = 重度抑郁）衡量的自我报告抑郁症呈负相关（P趋势<0.01），与自我报告的睡眠时间呈正相关（P趋势 = 0.02）。
色氨酸摄入量与大多数肝功能、肾功能或碳水化合物代谢标志物无关。美国人群的色氨酸摄入量水平似乎是安全的，这从没有异常实验室检查结果可以看出。色氨酸摄入量与自我报告的抑郁水平呈负相关，与睡眠时间呈正相关。
