Koziol Uriel
Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
Exp Parasitol. 2017 Sep;180:84-100. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
Cestodes (tapeworms) have complex adaptations to their obligatory parasitic life-style. Among these adaptations, they show many evolutionary innovations in their development, including complex life-cycles with multiple hosts and life-stages, several independent origins of asexual reproduction, and the evolution of segmentation as a mean to generate massive reproductive output. Therefore, cestodes offer many opportunities for the investigation of the evolutionary origins of developmental novelties (evo-devo). However, cestodes have not been exploited as major models for evo-devo research due to the considerable technical difficulties involved in their study. In this review, a panoramic view is given of classical aspects, methods and hypothesis of cestode development, together with recent advances in phylogenetics, genomics, culture methods, and comparative analysis of cestode gene expression. Together with the availability of powerful models for related free-living flatworms, these developments should encourage the incorporation of these fascinating parasites into the first-line of evo-devo research.
绦虫对其 obligatory 寄生生活方式具有复杂的适应性。在这些适应性中，它们在发育过程中展现出许多进化创新，包括具有多个宿主和生活阶段的复杂生命周期、无性繁殖的多个独立起源，以及作为产生大量生殖产出手段的体节进化。因此，绦虫为研究发育新奇性的进化起源（进化发育生物学）提供了许多机会。然而，由于研究绦虫存在相当大的技术困难，它们尚未被用作进化发育生物学研究的主要模型。在这篇综述中，全景式地介绍了绦虫发育的经典方面、方法和假说，以及系统发育学、基因组学、培养方法和绦虫基因表达比较分析的最新进展。随着相关自由生活扁虫强大模型的出现，这些进展应会促使将这些迷人的寄生虫纳入进化发育生物学研究的一线。
