Sakai K
Department of Chemical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
J Biomater Appl. 1989 Oct;4(2):71-101. doi: 10.1177/088532828900400201.
Appropriate design of dialysis membranes requires correct values of structural parameters such as pore radius, surface porosity, water content and tortuosity. It is impossible, however, to find the pore radius of dialysis membranes using a mercury porosimeter or an electron microscope because the pores are only several tens of angstroms in radius. Consequently, diffusional and convectional procedures such as the Lw method that uses both pure water permeability and water content, the Lw and Pm method which uses both solute and pure water permeability, and the sigma method which uses the reflection coefficient, have been employed extensively to determine the pore radius of dialysis membranes. The structural parameters of symmetric membranes are determined from water content, solute and pure water permeability data based on the Lw and Pm method combined with the tortuous pore model we have proposed. Determination of the structural parameters of microfiltration membranes for plasma separation having huge pores by various methods is required to verify the method of characterizing dialysis membranes based on the tortuous pore model. A dyeing method is also suitable for characterizing dialysis membranes of regenerated cellulose. Pore model studies using permeability and water content data for sterilized and treated membranes facilitate optimal design of dialysis membranes for clinical applications.
透析膜的合理设计需要正确的结构参数值，如孔径、表面孔隙率、含水量和曲折度。然而，使用压汞仪或电子显微镜无法找到透析膜的孔径，因为其孔径仅为几十埃。因此，诸如利用纯水渗透率和含水量的Lw法、同时使用溶质和纯水渗透率的Lw和Pm法以及利用反射系数的sigma法等扩散和对流方法已被广泛用于测定透析膜的孔径。基于我们提出的曲折孔模型，根据Lw和Pm法，由含水量、溶质和纯水渗透率数据确定对称膜的结构参数。需要通过各种方法测定用于血浆分离的具有大孔的微滤膜的结构参数，以验证基于曲折孔模型表征透析膜的方法。染色法也适用于表征再生纤维素透析膜。利用灭菌和处理后膜的渗透率和含水量数据进行孔模型研究，有助于优化临床应用透析膜的设计。
