Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
Food Chem. 2017 Apr 15;221:161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.032. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
Nicotinamide riboside, the most recently discovered form of vitamin B3, and its phosphorylated form nicotinamide mononucleotide, have been shown to be potent supplements boosting intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels, thus preventing or ameliorating metabolic and mitochondrial diseases in mouse models. Here we report for the first time on the simultaneous quantitation of nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide and NAD in milk by means of a fluorometric, enzyme-coupled assay. Application of this assay to milk from different species revealed that the three vitamers were present in human and donkey milk, while being selectively distributed in the other milks. Human milk was the richest source of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Overall, the three vitamers accounted for a significant fraction of total vitamin B3 content. Pasteurization did not affect the bovine milk content of nicotinamide riboside, whereas UHT processing fully destroyed the vitamin. In human milk, NAD levels were significantly affected by the lactation time.
烟酰胺核糖，最近发现的维生素 B3 形式，以及其磷酸化形式烟酰胺单核苷酸，已被证明是有效的补充剂，可以提高细胞内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）水平，从而预防或改善小鼠模型中的代谢和线粒体疾病。在这里，我们首次报道了通过荧光酶偶联测定法同时定量牛奶中的烟酰胺核糖、烟酰胺单核苷酸和 NAD。该测定法在不同物种的牛奶中的应用表明，这三种维生素在人乳和驴乳中均有存在，而在其他乳中则有选择性分布。人乳是烟酰胺单核苷酸最丰富的来源。总的来说，这三种维生素占总维生素 B3 含量的很大一部分。巴氏杀菌法不影响牛奶中的烟酰胺核糖含量，而超高温处理则完全破坏了维生素。在人乳中，NAD 水平受泌乳时间的显著影响。
