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一种用于同时测量吡啶核苷酸合成活性的新方法可用于剖析哺乳动物细胞中的 NAD(+) 生物合成机制。

Novel assay for simultaneous measurement of pyridine mononucleotides synthesizing activities allows dissection of the NAD(+) biosynthetic machinery in mammalian cells.

机构信息

Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

出版信息

FEBS J. 2014 Nov;281(22):5104-19. doi: 10.1111/febs.13050. Epub 2014 Oct 4.

Abstract

The redox coenzyme NAD(+) is also a rate-limiting co-substrate for several enzymes that consume the molecule, thus rendering its continuous re-synthesis indispensable. NAD(+) biosynthesis has emerged as a therapeutic target due to the relevance of NAD(+) -consuming reactions in complex intracellular signaling networks whose alteration leads to many neurologic and metabolic disorders. Distinct metabolic routes, starting from various precursors, are known to support NAD(+) biosynthesis with tissue/cell-specific efficiencies, probably reflecting differential expression of the corresponding rate-limiting enzymes, i.e. nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide riboside kinase. Understanding the contribution of these enzymes to NAD(+) levels depending on the tissue/cell type and metabolic status is necessary for the rational design of therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating NAD(+) availability. Here we report a simple, fast and sensitive coupled fluorometric assay that enables simultaneous determination of the four activities in whole-cell extracts and biological fluids. Its application to extracts from various mouse tissues, human cell lines and plasma yielded for the first time an overall picture of the tissue/cell-specific distribution of the activities of the various enzymes. The screening enabled us to gather novel findings, including (a) the presence of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide riboside kinase in all examined tissues/cell lines, indicating that quinolinate and nicotinamide riboside are relevant NAD(+) precursors, and (b) the unexpected occurrence of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase in human plasma.

摘要

氧化还原辅酶 NAD(+) 也是几种消耗该分子的酶的限速辅底物,因此其连续再合成是必不可少的。由于 NAD(+) 消耗反应与复杂细胞内信号网络的相关性,以及这些反应的改变导致许多神经和代谢紊乱,NAD(+) 生物合成已成为治疗靶点。已知从各种前体开始的不同代谢途径以组织/细胞特异性效率支持 NAD(+) 生物合成,这可能反映了相应限速酶的差异表达,即烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶、喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶、烟酸磷酸核糖转移酶和烟酰胺核苷激酶。了解这些酶根据组织/细胞类型和代谢状态对 NAD(+) 水平的贡献,对于设计旨在调节 NAD(+) 可用性的治疗策略是必要的。在这里,我们报告了一种简单、快速和灵敏的偶联荧光测定法,可用于同时测定全细胞提取物和生物液中的四种酶活性。该方法在各种小鼠组织、人细胞系和血浆提取物中的应用首次提供了各种酶活性在组织/细胞特异性分布的全貌。该筛选使我们获得了一些新的发现,包括:(a)在所有检查的组织/细胞系中均存在喹啉酸磷酸核糖转移酶和烟酰胺核苷激酶,表明喹啉酸和烟酰胺核苷是相关的 NAD(+) 前体;(b)出人意料地在人血浆中发现了烟酸磷酸核糖转移酶。

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