Woldu Wondwoson, Bitew Bikes Destaw, Gizaw Zemichael
Hadaleala District Health Office, Hadaleala District, Afar Regional State Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Trop Med Health. 2016 Dec 9;44:40. doi: 10.1186/s41182-016-0040-7. eCollection 2016.
Diarrheal disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children worldwide. Every day, more than 4000 children lose their lives due to diarrhea. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is the second killer of under-five children next to pneumonia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of under-five diarrhea and socioeconomic factors among the nomadic people in Hadaleala District. A total of 704 under-five children were included in this study, and subjects were recruited by the multistage cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by a pre-tested questionnaire. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify socioeconomic variables associated with childhood diarrhea.
The 2-week period prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 26.1% (95% CI 22.9, 29.3%). The highest prevalence (37.5%) of diarrhea occurred among children aged between 12.0 and 23.0 months. The occurrence of diarrheal disease was associated with the presence of two (AOR = 4.3, < 0.001) and three (AOR = 22.4, < 0.001) under-five children in each household. The age of the children ranged between 6.0 and 11.0 months (AOR = 4.8, p < 0.001), 12.0 and 23.0 months (AOR = 6.0, < 0.001), and 24.0 and 35.0 months (AOR = 2.5, < 0.05), illiterate mothers (AOR = 2.5, < 0.05), and poor households (AOR = 1.6, < 0.05).
Diarrhea prevalence was quite high among under-five children in Hadaleala District, and it was significantly concentrated among children aged between 12.0 and 23.0 months. The number of under-five children, age of children, mothers' education, and household economic status were significantly associated with childhood diarrhea. To minimize the magnitude of childhood diarrhea, implementing various prevention strategies such as health education, child care, personal hygiene, and household sanitation which can be integrated with the existing national health extension program are essential.
腹泻病仍然是全球五岁以下儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。每天，超过4000名儿童死于腹泻。在埃塞俄比亚，腹泻是仅次于肺炎的五岁以下儿童的第二大杀手。
开展一项横断面研究，以评估哈达莱拉地区游牧民族中五岁以下儿童腹泻的患病率及社会经济因素。本研究共纳入704名五岁以下儿童，采用多阶段整群抽样技术招募研究对象。通过预先测试的问卷收集数据。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与儿童腹泻相关的社会经济变量。
五岁以下儿童两周腹泻患病率为26.1%（95%置信区间22.9, 29.3%）。腹泻患病率最高（37.5%）发生在12.0至23.0个月大的儿童中。腹泻病的发生与每户有两名（比值比=4.3，<0.001）和三名（比值比=22.4，<0.001）五岁以下儿童有关。儿童年龄在6.0至11.0个月（比值比=4.8，p<0.001）、12.0至23.0个月（比值比=6.0，<0.001）和24.0至35.0个月（比值比=2.5，<0.05）之间，母亲为文盲（比值比=2.5，<0.05）以及家庭贫困（比值比=1.6，<0.05）也有关。
哈达莱拉地区五岁以下儿童腹泻患病率相当高，且显著集中在12.0至23.0个月大的儿童中。五岁以下儿童数量、儿童年龄、母亲教育程度和家庭经济状况与儿童腹泻显著相关。为尽量减少儿童腹泻的发生率，实施各种预防策略，如健康教育、儿童护理、个人卫生和家庭卫生，这些可与现有的国家卫生推广计划相结合，至关重要。
