Galicia Luis, de Romaña Daniel López, Harding Kimberly B, De-Regil Luz María, Grajeda Rubén
Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
Research and Evaluation Unit, Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016 Aug;40(2):138-146.
Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are still a public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions. To assess the nutrition landscape in LAC countries and guide future nutrition efforts and investments, the Pan American Health Organization and the Micronutrient Initiative joined efforts to 1) identify information gaps and describe the current nutritional situation in the region; 2) map existing policies to address malnutrition in Latin America; 3) describe the impact of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) on nutrition and health outcomes; and 4) identify the challenges and opportunities to address malnutrition in the region. This article summarizes the methods and key findings from that research and describes the current challenges and opportunities in addressing malnutrition in the LAC region. LAC countries have advanced in reducing undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, but important gaps in information are a major concern. These countries have policies to address undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, but comprehensive and intersectoral policies to tackle obesity are lacking. CCTs in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico have been reported to have a positive impact on child nutrition and health outcomes, providing an opportunity to integrate nutrition actions in intersectoral platforms. The current epidemiological situation and policy options offer an opportunity for countries, technical agencies, donors, and other stakeholders to jointly scale up nutrition actions. This can support the development of comprehensive and intersectoral policies to tackle the double burden of malnutrition, strengthen national nutrition surveillance systems, incorporate monitoring and evaluation as systematic components of policies and programs, document and increase investments in nutrition, and assess the effectiveness of such policies to support political commitment and guarantee sustainability.
营养不良和微量营养素缺乏在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（拉加地区）仍然是一个公共卫生问题，而超重和肥胖已达到流行程度。为评估拉加地区各国的营养状况并指导未来的营养工作和投资，泛美卫生组织和微量营养素倡议组织共同努力，以：1）找出信息差距并描述该地区当前的营养状况；2）梳理拉丁美洲应对营养不良的现有政策；3）描述有条件现金转移支付计划（CCT）对营养和健康成果的影响；4）确定该地区应对营养不良的挑战和机遇。本文总结了该项研究的方法和主要发现，并描述了拉加地区应对营养不良方面当前面临的挑战和机遇。拉加地区各国在减少营养不良和微量营养素缺乏方面取得了进展，但重要的信息差距仍是一个主要问题。这些国家有应对营养不良和微量营养素缺乏的政策，但缺乏应对肥胖问题的全面和跨部门政策。据报道，巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥的有条件现金转移支付计划对儿童营养和健康成果产生了积极影响，为在跨部门平台上整合营养行动提供了契机。当前的流行病学状况和政策选择为各国、技术机构、捐助方及其他利益相关者共同扩大营养行动提供了机遇
