Kendra Paul E, Montgomery Wayne S, Schnell Elena Q, Deyrup Mark A, Epsky Nancy D
USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 (
Archbold Biological Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862 (
J Econ Entomol. 2016 Dec;109(6):2428-2435. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow214. Epub 2016 Oct 23.
Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is a wood-boring pest that has now invaded nine states in the southeastern United States. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont (Raffaelea lauricola) is phytopathogenic, inducing laurel wilt in trees within the family Lauraceae. Members of the genus Persea are particularly susceptible to the lethal disease, including native redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), as well as commercial avocado (P. americana). Cubeb oil lures are the current standard for detection of X. glabratus, but recently eucalyptol and a 50% α-copaene oil have been identified as additional attractants. This study used a combination of binary-choice bioassays, field cage release-and-recapture assays, and a 12-wk field trial to compare efficacy of eucalyptol and copaene lures relative to commercial cubeb lures. In addition, GC-MS was used to quantify emissions from lures field-aged for 12 wk. In laboratory bioassays, copaene lures were more attractive than eucalyptol lures. In field cage assays, copaene lures recaptured a higher percentage of released beetles than cubeb lures. In the field test, cubeb lures captured fewer beetles than copaene lures, and lowest captures were obtained with eucalyptol lures. Combining eucalyptol with either copaene or cubeb lures did not increase captures over those lures deployed alone. Both copaene and cubeb lures were effective in attracting X. glabratus for 12 wk, but field life of eucalyptol lures was only 4 wk, consistent with the quantification of lure emissions. Results suggest that the 50% α-copaene lure provides the best pest detection currently available for X. glabratus.
红湾食菌小蠹（Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff）是一种蛀木害虫，现已入侵美国东南部的九个州。这种小蠹的主要真菌共生体（月桂疫霉 Raffaelea lauricola）具有植物致病性，可导致樟科树木发生月桂枯萎病。鳄梨属的成员对这种致命疾病尤为敏感，包括本土的红湾鳄梨（P. borbonia）和沼泽鳄梨（P. palustris），以及商业种植的鳄梨（P. americana）。荜澄茄油诱捕器是目前检测红湾食菌小蠹的标准方法，但最近桉叶油和50%α-可巴烯油已被确定为额外的引诱剂。本研究结合二元选择生物测定、田间网笼释放-再捕获测定和为期12周的田间试验，比较了桉叶油和可巴烯引诱剂相对于商业荜澄茄引诱剂的效果。此外，还使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对放置在田间12周的引诱剂的挥发物进行了定量分析。在实验室生物测定中，可巴烯引诱剂比桉叶油引诱剂更具吸引力。在田间网笼试验中，可巴烯引诱剂重新捕获的释放小蠹的百分比高于荜澄茄引诱剂。在田间试验中，荜澄茄引诱剂捕获的小蠹比可巴烯引诱剂少，而桉叶油引诱剂捕获的最少。将桉叶油与可巴烯或荜澄茄引诱剂混合使用，捕获量并未比单独使用这些引诱剂时增加。可巴烯和荜澄茄引诱剂在12周内都能有效地吸引红湾食菌小蠹，但桉叶油引诱剂的田间有效期仅为4周，这与引诱剂挥发物的定量分析结果一致。结果表明，50%α-可巴烯引诱剂是目前可用于检测红湾食菌小蠹的最佳害虫检测方法。
