School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Feb 1;71:1253-1266. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.027. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
Significant amount of research efforts have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Although at present most of the studies are focused on non-load bearing scaffolds, many scaffolds have also been investigated for hard tissue repair. In particular, metallic scaffolds are being studied for hard tissue engineering due to their suitable mechanical properties. Several biocompatible metallic materials such as stainless steels, cobalt alloys, titanium alloys, tantalum, nitinol and magnesium alloys have been commonly employed as implants in orthopedic and dental treatments. They are often used to replace and regenerate the damaged bones or to provide structural support for healing bone defects. Among the common metallic biomaterials, magnesium (Mg) and a number of its alloys are effective because of their mechanical properties close to those of human bone, their natural ionic content that may have important functional roles in physiological systems, and their in vivo biodegradation characteristics in body fluids. Due to such collective properties, Mg based alloys can be employed as biocompatible, bioactive, and biodegradable scaffolds for load-bearing applications. Recently, porous Mg and Mg alloys have been specially suggested as metallic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. With further optimization of the fabrication techniques, porous Mg is expected to make a promising hard substitute scaffold. The present review covers research conducted on the fabrication techniques, surface modifications, properties and biological characteristics of Mg alloys based scaffolds. Furthermore, the potential applications, challenges and future trends of such degradable metallic scaffolds are discussed in detail.
大量的研究工作致力于组织工程支架的开发。尽管目前大多数研究都集中在非承重支架上，但也有许多支架被用于硬组织修复的研究。特别是，由于其合适的机械性能，金属支架被用于硬组织工程研究。几种生物相容性金属材料，如不锈钢、钴合金、钛合金、钽、形状记忆合金和镁合金，通常被用作骨科和牙科治疗的植入物。它们常用于替代和再生受损的骨骼，或为愈合骨缺损提供结构支撑。在常见的金属生物材料中，镁（Mg）及其多种合金因其与人体骨骼的机械性能相近、天然离子含量可能在生理系统中具有重要的功能作用以及在体液中的体内生物降解特性而被广泛应用。由于这些综合特性，基于 Mg 的合金可用作具有生物相容性、生物活性和可生物降解的承重应用支架。最近，多孔 Mg 和 Mg 合金被特别推荐作为骨组织工程的金属支架。通过进一步优化制造技术，多孔 Mg 有望成为一种有前途的硬替代支架。本综述涵盖了关于 Mg 合金支架的制造技术、表面改性、性能和生物特性的研究。此外，详细讨论了这种可降解金属支架的潜在应用、挑战和未来趋势。
