Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2023 Jun 12;9(6):3010-3031. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01510. Epub 2023 May 24.
Significant attention has been drawn in recent years to develop porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. In general, porous scaffolds are used for non-load bearing applications. However, various metallic scaffolds have been investigated extensively for hard tissue repair due to their favorable mechanical and biological properties. Stainless steel (316L) and titanium (Ti) alloys are the most commonly used material for metallic scaffolds. Although stainless steel and Ti alloys are employed as scaffold materials, it might result in complications such as stress shielding, local irritation, interference with radiography, etc. related to the permanent implants. To address the above-mentioned complications, degradable metallic scaffolds have emerged as a next generation material. Among the all metallic degradable scaffold materials, magnesium (Mg) based material has gained significant attention owing to its advantageous mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility in a physiological environment. Therefore, Mg based materials can be projected as load bearing degradable scaffolds, which can provide structural support toward the defected hard tissue during the healing period. Moreover, advanced manufacturing techniques such as solvent cast 3D printing, negative salt pattern molding, laser perforation, and surface modifications can make Mg based scaffolds promising for hard tissue repair. In this article, we focus on the advanced fabrication techniques which can tune the porosity of the degradable Mg based scaffold favorably and improve its biocompatibility.
近年来，人们高度关注开发用于组织工程的多孔支架。一般来说，多孔支架用于非承重应用。然而，由于具有良好的机械和生物学特性，各种金属支架已被广泛研究用于硬组织修复。不锈钢（316L）和钛（Ti）合金是最常用于金属支架的材料。尽管不锈钢和 Ti 合金被用作支架材料，但它们可能会导致一些并发症，如应力屏蔽、局部刺激、对射线照相的干扰等，这些并发症与永久性植入物有关。为了解决上述并发症，可降解金属支架作为下一代材料应运而生。在所有可降解的金属支架材料中，镁（Mg）基材料由于其在生理环境下具有优异的机械性能和良好的生物相容性而受到了极大的关注。因此，Mg 基材料可以被设计为具有承载能力的可降解支架，在愈合期为受损的硬组织提供结构支撑。此外，溶剂浇铸 3D 打印、负盐图案成型、激光穿孔和表面改性等先进制造技术可使 Mg 基支架在硬组织修复方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点介绍了可调节降解的 Mg 基支架的孔隙率并提高其生物相容性的先进制造技术。
