Department of Health, Public and Environmental Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Archerfield, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Microbes Infect. 2016 Dec;18(12):724-734. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.007. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). Infection by MAYV can produce Mayaro virus disease (MAYVD) which is usually a clinically diagnosed, acute, febrile illness associated with prolonged and painful joint inflammation and swelling. MAYVD may be clinically indistinguishable from dengue, chikungunya fever, malaria, rabies, measles or other arboviral diseases. The full spectrum of disease, sequelae, routes of infection, virus shedding and any rarer means of transmission remain undefined. MAYVD cases in humans have so far been localised to Central and South America, particularly regions in and around the Amazon basin. MAYV usually circulates in a sylvan cycle of forest mosquitoes and vertebrates, however it has also been found in more urban locations alongside anthropophilic (preferring humans) insect vectors. If transmission via anthropophilic mosquitoes becomes more efficient following viral change, or existing vectors change their habitat and biting habits, the risk of urban establishment and further spread into non-forested areas will grow. Surveillance, testing and vector control remain key to monitoring and preventing global spread and establishment. The possibility of MAYV becoming further urbanized is worthy of note, consideration and action to ensure MAYV does not spread beyond the forests and establish in the world's cities.
马亚罗病毒（MAYV）是一种新兴的虫媒病毒（arbovirus）。感染 MAYV 可能会导致马亚罗病毒病（MAYVD），这通常是一种临床诊断的急性发热疾病，伴有长时间和疼痛的关节炎症和肿胀。MAYVD 在临床上可能与登革热、基孔肯雅热、疟疾、狂犬病、麻疹或其他虫媒病毒病无法区分。疾病的全部范围、后遗症、感染途径、病毒脱落以及任何更罕见的传播方式仍未确定。迄今为止，人类的 MAYVD 病例局限于中美洲和南美洲，特别是亚马逊河流域及其周围地区。MAYV 通常在森林蚊子和脊椎动物的丛林循环中传播，但也在更城市化的地区与嗜人（偏爱人类）昆虫媒介一起被发现。如果病毒发生变化后，通过嗜人蚊子的传播变得更加有效，或者现有媒介改变其栖息地和叮咬习惯，那么城市建立和进一步传播到非森林地区的风险将会增加。监测、检测和控制媒介仍然是监测和预防全球传播和建立的关键。值得注意、考虑和采取行动，以确保 MAYV 不会传播到森林之外并在世界城市建立，这是 MAYV 进一步城市化的可能性。
