Szumski Filip, Zielona-Jenek Monika
Instytut Psychologii UAM w Poznaniu.
Psychiatr Pol. 2016 Oct 31;50(5):1053-1063. doi: 10.12740/PP/37470.
The concept of cognitive distortion was created by A. T. Beck and it is one of the key-concepts of cognitive psychotherapy. In the 80s of the twentieth century, researchers began to use it in studies of sexual offending, but with reference to the social learning theory rather than to the theory of cognitive psychotherapy. Subsequent authors continued the use of this term in the determinants of child molestation and defined them as products emerging from specific implicit theory of the offender, the judgements resulting from his beliefs, values and actions, dysfunctional cognitive schemas, deviant cognitive practices undertaken in the interaction of internal and external components of perpetrator's cognitive system and his social practices. The primary theoretical background in the description of the concept of cognitive distortions of child molesters was the social cognition theory, but it was complemented with the assumptions of the theory of cognitive psychotherapy, extended theory of mind and discursive psychology perspective. Particular concepts describe the cognitive distortions relating them to different classes of cognitive phenomena: products, processes and structures, and the only thing they have in common is their incompatibility of their content to the social norms. Giving this concept a normative nature leads to internal contradictions within the conceptions that concern it. Moreover, using it to explain the various processes oversimplifies the picture of this phenomenon and leads to contradictions between theories. It is, therefore, necessary to consider replacing the term cognitive distortions with alternative and more precise concepts.
认知扭曲的概念由A. T. 贝克提出，它是认知心理治疗的关键概念之一。在20世纪80年代，研究人员开始在性犯罪研究中使用这一概念，但参照的是社会学习理论而非认知心理治疗理论。随后的作者在儿童性骚扰的决定因素研究中继续使用这一术语，并将其定义为犯罪者特定隐性理论产生的产物、由其信念、价值观和行为导致的判断、功能失调的认知图式、犯罪者认知系统的内部和外部组成部分及其社会实践相互作用中所采取的异常认知行为。描述恋童癖者认知扭曲概念的主要理论背景是社会认知理论，但它还补充了认知心理治疗理论、扩展心理理论和话语心理学视角的假设。特定概念描述了与不同类别的认知现象（产物、过程和结构）相关的认知扭曲，它们唯一的共同点是其内容与社会规范不相容。赋予这个概念规范性会导致与之相关的概念内部产生矛盾。此外，用它来解释各种过程会过度简化这一现象的情况，并导致理论之间的矛盾。因此，有必要考虑用替代性的、更精确的概念来取代“认知扭曲”这一术语。
