Filigheddu Maria Teresa, Górgolas Miguel, Ramos José Manuel
División de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
División de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2017 Feb 9;148(3):125-131. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.10.038. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is most frequently associated with a vectorial transmission. However, in recent years we have observed a significant increase in the oral transmission of the disease, associated mainly with the consumption of drinks made from fruit or other vegetables contaminated with triatomine faeces or secretions from infected mammals. After a latency period of 3 to 22 days after ingestion, the oral infection is characterized by more severe manifestations than those associated with vectorial transmission: prolonged fever, acute myocarditis with heart failure and, in some cases, meningoencephalitis. Mortality can reach up to 33% of those infected. The aim of this paper is to review this matter and to promote prevention practices.
恰加斯病是一种由原生动物寄生虫克氏锥虫引起的人畜共患病，最常见的传播方式是通过媒介传播。然而，近年来我们观察到该病经口腔传播的情况显著增加，主要与饮用被锥蝽粪便或受感染哺乳动物分泌物污染的水果或其他蔬菜制成的饮料有关。摄入后经过3至22天的潜伏期，经口腔感染的特征是比媒介传播相关感染表现更为严重：持续发热、伴有心力衰竭的急性心肌炎，在某些情况下还会出现脑膜脑炎。死亡率可达感染者的33%。本文旨在综述这一问题并推广预防措施。
