Banna Jinan, Richards Rickelle, Brown Lora Beth
Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Agricultural Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI.
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2017 Mar;49(3):228-235.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.11.001. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
To assess qualitatively and quantitatively college students' perceived differences between a real meal, meal, and snack.
A descriptive study design was used to administer an 11-item online survey to college students.
Two university campuses in the western US.
Pilot testing was conducted with 20 students. The final survey was completed by 628 ethnically diverse students.
Students' perceptions of the terms real meal, meal, and snack.
Three researchers coded the data independently, reconciled differences via conference calls, and agreed on a final coding scheme. Data were reevaluated based on the coding scheme. Means, frequencies, Pearson chi-square, and t test statistics were used.
More than half of students perceived a difference between the terms real meal and meal. Most (97.6%) perceived a difference between the terms meal and snack. A marked difference in the way students defined these terms was evident, with a real meal deemed nutritious and healthy and meeting dietary recommendations, compared with meals, which were considered anything to eat.
These findings suggest that the term real meal may provide nutrition educators with a simple phrase to use in educational campaigns to promote healthful food intake among college students.
定性和定量评估大学生对正餐、餐食和零食的认知差异。
采用描述性研究设计，对大学生进行一项包含11个条目的在线调查。
美国西部的两个大学校园。
对20名学生进行了预试验。最终调查由628名不同种族的学生完成。
学生对正餐、餐食和零食这些术语的认知。
三名研究人员独立对数据进行编码，通过电话会议协调差异，并就最终的编码方案达成一致。根据编码方案对数据进行重新评估。使用了均值、频率、Pearson卡方检验和t检验统计量。
超过一半的学生认为正餐和餐食这两个术语存在差异。大多数（97.6%）学生认为餐食和零食这两个术语存在差异。学生定义这些术语的方式存在明显差异，与被认为是任何可吃食物的餐食相比，正餐被视为营养丰富、健康且符合饮食建议。
这些发现表明，“正餐”这个术语可能为营养教育工作者提供一个简单的表述，用于教育活动中，以促进大学生健康的食物摄入。
