Pugh Jonathan, Kahane Guy, Savulescu Julian
We consider a strategy for justifying bio-conservative opposition to enhancement according to which we should resist radical departures from human nature, not because human nature possesses any intrinsic value, but because it is nature. The idea is that we can be to humanity in the same way that common sense morality allows us to be partial to self, family, lovers, friends or our country. Whilst a similar idea was suggested by Bernard Williams and Jerry Cohen, it was not fully developed, and their arguments fail to mount a serious challenge to many forms of enhancement. We explore a better approach, drawing on recent literature about the nature and grounds of partiality, and attempt to elucidate what partiality for humanity might plausibly involve. We argue, however, that even if such partiality for humanity is defensible, it can at most only set limits on enhancement.
我们考虑一种为生物保守派对增强的反对立场辩护的策略，根据这一策略，我们应该抵制对人性的激进背离，不是因为人性具有任何内在价值，而是因为它就是自然。其观点是，我们可以对人类持有偏袒态度，就如同常识道德允许我们偏袒自己、家人、爱人、朋友或我们的国家一样。虽然伯纳德·威廉姆斯和杰瑞·科恩提出了类似观点，但并未充分展开，且他们的论点未能对许多形式的增强构成严重挑战。我们借鉴近期关于偏袒的本质和依据的文献，探索一种更好的方法，并试图阐明对人类的偏袒可能合理地包含哪些内容。然而，我们认为，即使这种对人类的偏袒是站得住脚的，它至多也只能为增强设定限制。
