Schmidt Nicole M, Glymour M Maria, Osypuk Theresa L
Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
J Adolesc Health. 2017 Apr;60(4):431-437. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.022. Epub 2016 Dec 18.
Test whether neighborhood mobility effects on adolescent risky behaviors varies at different developmental ages and gender.
The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) study randomly assigned volunteer families (1994-1997) to receive a Section 8 voucher to move to lower poverty neighborhoods versus a public housing control group. We tested three-way treatment, gender, and age-at-randomization interactions using intent-to-treat linear regression predicting a risky behavior index (RBI; measured in 2002, N = 2,829), defined as the fraction of 10 behaviors the youth reported (six measuring risky substance use [RSU], four measuring risky sexual behavior), and the RSU and risky sexual behavior subscales.
The treatment main effect on RBI was nonsignificant for girls (B = -.01, 95% confidence interval -.024 to .014) and harmful for boys (B = .03, 95% confidence interval .009 to .059; treatment-gender interaction p = .01). The treatment, gender, and age interaction was significant for RBI (p = .02) and RSU (p ≤ .001). Treatment boys 10 years or older at randomization were more likely (p < .05) than controls to exhibit RBI and RSU, whereas there was no effect of treatment for boys <10 years. There were no treatment control differences by age for girls' RBI, but girls 9+ years were less likely than girls ≤8 years to exhibit RSU (p < .05).
Moving families of boys aged 10 years or older with rental vouchers may have adverse consequences on risky behaviors but may be beneficial for girls' substance use. Developmental windows are different by gender for the effects of improving neighborhood contexts on adolescent risky behavior.
测试邻里环境流动性对青少年危险行为的影响在不同发育年龄和性别中是否存在差异。
“搬到机会”（MTO）研究在1994年至1997年期间将志愿家庭随机分为两组，一组获得第8节住房券以搬到贫困程度较低的社区，另一组为公共住房对照组。我们使用意向性治疗线性回归测试了三向治疗、性别和随机分组时的年龄之间的相互作用，该回归预测了一个危险行为指数（RBI；于2002年测量，N = 2829），其定义为青少年报告的10种行为的比例（其中6种测量危险物质使用[RSU]，4种测量危险性行为），以及RSU和危险性行为子量表。
治疗对RBI的主要影响对女孩不显著（B = -0.01，95%置信区间为-0.024至0.014），对男孩有害（B = 0.03，95%置信区间为0.009至0.059；治疗与性别的相互作用p = 0.01）。治疗与性别和年龄的相互作用对RBI（p = 0.02）和RSU（p≤0.001）具有显著意义。随机分组时年龄在10岁及以上的治疗组男孩比对照组更有可能（p < 0.05）表现出RBI和RSU，而对于年龄小于10岁的男孩，治疗没有效果。女孩的RBI在年龄方面没有治疗对照组差异，但9岁及以上的女孩比8岁及以下的女孩表现出RSU的可能性更小（p < 0.05）。
为10岁及以上男孩的家庭提供租房券搬家可能会对危险行为产生不良后果，但可能对女孩的物质使用有益。改善邻里环境对青少年危险行为的影响在性别上的发育窗口期不同。
