Wu Grace, Wollen Alec, DiBlasi Robert M, Himley Stephen, Saxon Eugene, Austin Glenn, Delarosa Jaclyn, Izadnegahdar Rasa, Ginsburg Amy Sarah, Zehrung Darin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, One Silber Way, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Int J Pediatr. 2016;2016:9214389. doi: 10.1155/2016/9214389. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
Hypoxemia is a complication of pneumonia-the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide. Treatment generally requires oxygen-enriched air, but access in low-resource settings is expensive and unreliable. We explored use of reservoir cannulas (RCs), which yield oxygen savings in adults but have not been examined in children. Toddler, small child, and adolescent breathing profiles were simulated with artificial lung and airway models. An oxygen concentrator provided flow rates of 0 to 5 L/min via a standard nasal cannula (NC) or RC, and delivered oxygen fraction (FdO) was measured. The oxygen savings ratio (SR) and absolute flow savings (AFS) were calculated, comparing NC and RC. We demonstrated proof-of-concept that pendant RCs could conserve oxygen during pediatric therapy. SR mean and standard deviation were 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.4, 1.1 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.3, and 1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.4 ± 0.3 for toddler, small child, and adolescent models, respectively. Maximum AFS observed were 0.3 ± 0.3, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 1.4 ± 0.3 L/min for the same models. RCs have the potential to reduce oxygen consumption during treatment of hypoxemia in children; however, further evaluation of products is needed, followed by clinical analysis in patients.
低氧血症是肺炎的一种并发症，而肺炎是全球儿童死亡的主要感染性病因。治疗通常需要富氧空气，但在资源匮乏地区获取富氧空气既昂贵又不可靠。我们探索了储氧套管（RCs）的使用，其在成人中可节省氧气，但尚未在儿童中进行过研究。利用人工肺和气道模型模拟了幼儿、小儿和青少年的呼吸情况。一台制氧机通过标准鼻导管（NC）或储氧套管提供0至5升/分钟的流速，并测量输送的氧分数（FdO）。计算氧节省率（SR）和绝对流量节省值（AFS），并对鼻导管和储氧套管进行比较。我们证明了垂吊式储氧套管在儿科治疗期间可以节省氧气的概念验证。幼儿、小儿和青少年模型的氧节省率平均值和标准差分别为1.1±0.2至1.4±0.4、1.1±0.1至1.7±0.3和1.3±0.1至2.4±0.3。相同模型观察到的最大绝对流量节省值分别为0.3±0.3、0.2±0.1和1.4±0.3升/分钟。储氧套管有潜力在儿童低氧血症治疗期间减少氧气消耗；然而，需要对产品进行进一步评估，随后对患者进行临床分析。
