Niel R, Ayachi M, Mille-Hamard L, Le Moyec L, Savarin P, Clement M-J, Besse S, Launay T, Billat V L, Momken I
Unité de Biologie Intégrative des Adaptations à l'Exercice (EA7362), Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry, France.
Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7244, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Spectroscopie des Biomolécules et des Milieux Biologiques (SBMB), Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Dec;27(12):1576-1587. doi: 10.1111/sms.12809. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
In order to identify a more appealing exercise strategy for the elderly, we studied a mouse model to determine whether a less time-consuming training program would improve exercise performance, enzyme activities, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolomic parameters. We compared the effects of short-session (acceleration-based) training with those of long-session endurance training in 23-month-old mice. The short-session training consisted of five acceleration-based treadmill running sessions over 2 weeks (the acceleration group), whereas the endurance training consisted of five-one-hour treadmill sessions per week for 4 weeks (the endurance group). A control group of mice was also studied. In the acceleration group, the post-training maximum running speed and time to exhaustion were significantly improved, relative to pretraining values (+8% for speed, P<.05; +10% for time to exhaustion, P<.01). The post-training maximum running speed was higher in the acceleration group than in the endurance group (by 23%; P<.001) and in the control group (by 15%; P<.05). In skeletal muscle samples, the enzymatic activities of citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were significantly higher in the acceleration group than in the endurance group. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiratory activity in the gastrocnemius was higher in the acceleration group than in the control group. A metabolomic urine analysis revealed a higher mean taurine concentration and a lower mean branched amino acid concentration in the acceleration group. In old mice, acceleration-based training appears to be an efficient way of increasing performance by improving both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and possibly by enhancing antioxidant defenses and maintaining muscle protein balance.
为了确定一种对老年人更具吸引力的运动策略，我们研究了一个小鼠模型，以确定耗时较短的训练计划是否会改善运动表现、酶活性、线粒体呼吸和代谢组学参数。我们比较了短疗程（基于加速）训练和长疗程耐力训练对23月龄小鼠的影响。短疗程训练包括在2周内进行5次基于加速的跑步机跑步训练（加速组），而耐力训练包括每周进行5次、每次1小时的跑步机训练，持续4周（耐力组）。还研究了一组对照小鼠。在加速组中，训练后的最大跑步速度和疲劳时间相对于训练前的值有显著提高（速度提高8%，P<0.05；疲劳时间提高10%，P<0.01）。加速组训练后的最大跑步速度高于耐力组（高23%；P<0.001）和对照组（高15%；P<0.05）。在骨骼肌样本中，加速组柠檬酸合酶、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶的酶活性显著高于耐力组。此外，加速组腓肠肌的线粒体呼吸活性高于对照组。代谢组学尿液分析显示，加速组的平均牛磺酸浓度较高，平均支链氨基酸浓度较低。在老年小鼠中，基于加速的训练似乎是一种通过改善有氧和无氧代谢、可能还通过增强抗氧化防御和维持肌肉蛋白质平衡来提高运动表现的有效方法。
