Université de Paris, EA3625-Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (I3SP), 75015 Paris, France.
Véronique Billat, Université de Paris, EA 3625-Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (I3SP), 1 rue Lacretelle, 75015 Paris, France.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 13;17(4):1177. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041177.
Beyond the difference in marathon performance when comparing female and male runners, we tested the hypothesis that running strategy does not different according to sex. The goal of the present study is to compare the running strategy between the best female and male marathon performances achieved in the last two years. Two aspects of the races were analyzed: (i) average speed relative to runner critical speed (CS) with its coefficient of variation and (ii) asymmetry and global tendency of race speed (i.e., the race's Kendall τ ) . The females' best marathons were run at 97.6% ± 3% of CS for the new record (Brigid Kosgei, 2019) and at 96.1% ± 4.4% for the previous record (Paula Radcliffe, 2003). The best male performances (Eliud Kipchoge, 2018 and 2019) were achieved at a lower fraction of CS (94.7% ± 1.7% and 94.1% ± 2.3% in 2018 and 2019, respectively). Eliud Kipchoge (EK) achieved a significant negative split race considering the positive Kendall's τ of pacing (i.e., time over 1 km) ( τ = 0.30; = 0.007). Furthermore, EK ran more of the average distance below average speed (54% and 55% in 2018 and 2019, respectively), while female runners ran only at 46% below their average speed. The best female and male marathon performances were run differently considering speed time course (i.e., tendency and asymmetry), and fractional use of CS. In addition, this study shows a robust running strategy (or signature) used by EK in two different marathons. Improvement in marathon performance might depend on negative split and asymmetry for female runners, and on higher fractional utilization of CS for male runners.
除了比较女性和男性跑步者在马拉松比赛中的表现差异之外，我们还测试了一个假设，即跑步策略不因性别而异。本研究的目的是比较过去两年中男女马拉松最佳成绩的跑步策略。分析了比赛的两个方面：（i）相对于跑步者临界速度（CS）的平均速度及其变异系数，以及（ii）比赛速度的不对称性和整体趋势（即比赛的 Kendall τ）。女性的最佳马拉松成绩是在新纪录（Brigid Kosgei，2019 年）中以 CS 的 97.6%±3%的速度跑完，在之前的纪录（Paula Radcliffe，2003 年）中以 CS 的 96.1%±4.4%的速度跑完。最佳男性成绩（Eliud Kipchoge，2018 年和 2019 年）是在 CS 的较低分数下实现的（2018 年和 2019 年分别为 94.7%±1.7%和 94.1%±2.3%）。Eliud Kipchoge（EK）在考虑配速（即每公里时间）的正 Kendall τ的情况下实现了显著的负分割比赛（τ=0.30；=0.007）。此外，EK 在平均速度以下跑了更多的平均距离（2018 年和 2019 年分别为 54%和 55%），而女性跑步者仅在平均速度以下跑了 46%。考虑到速度时间过程（即趋势和不对称性）和 CS 的分数利用，最佳男女马拉松成绩的跑步方式不同。此外，本研究显示了 EK 在两次不同马拉松比赛中使用的稳健跑步策略（或特征）。马拉松成绩的提高可能取决于女性跑步者的负分割和不对称性，以及男性跑步者对 CS 的更高分数利用。
