Sushames Ashleigh, van Uffelen Jannique G Z, Gebel Klaus
College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016 Dec 21;13(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s12966-016-0455-x.
Indigenous Australians and New Zealanders have a significantly shorter life expectancy than non-Indigenous people, mainly due to differences in prevalence of chronic diseases. Physical activity helps in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, however, activity levels are lower in Indigenous than in non-Indigenous people.
To synthesise the literature on the effects of physical activity interventions for Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand on activity levels and health outcomes.
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTSDiscus and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed articles and grey literature was searched. Interventions targeted Indigenous people in Australia or New Zealand aged 18+ years and their primary or secondary aim was to increase activity levels. Data were extracted by one author and verified by another. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors. Data were synthesised narratively.
407 records were screened and 13 studies included. Interventions included individual and group based exercise programs and community lifestyle interventions of four weeks to two years. Six studies assessed physical activity via subjective (n = 4) or objective (n = 2) measures, with significant improvements in one study. Weight and BMI were assessed in all but one study, with significant reductions reported in seven of 12 studies. All five studies that used fitness tests reported improvements, as did four out of eight measuring blood pressure and seven out of nine in clinical markers.
There was no clear evidence for an effect of physical activity interventions on activity levels, however, there were positive effects on activity related fitness and health outcomes.
The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42015016915 ).
澳大利亚原住民和新西兰原住民的预期寿命明显低于非原住民，主要原因是慢性病患病率存在差异。体育活动有助于预防和管理慢性病，然而，原住民的活动水平低于非原住民。
综合关于澳大利亚和新西兰针对原住民的体育活动干预对活动水平和健康结果影响的文献。
检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、SPORTSDiscus和PsycINFO以查找同行评审文章，并检索灰色文献。干预针对澳大利亚或新西兰18岁及以上的原住民，其主要或次要目标是提高活动水平。数据由一位作者提取并由另一位作者核实。两位作者独立评估偏倚风险。数据进行叙述性综合。
筛选了407条记录，纳入13项研究。干预措施包括基于个人和团体的锻炼计划以及为期四周至两年的社区生活方式干预。六项研究通过主观（n = 4）或客观（n = 2）测量评估体育活动，其中一项研究有显著改善。除一项研究外，所有研究均评估了体重和BMI，12项研究中有7项报告有显著降低。使用体能测试的所有五项研究均报告有改善，八项测量血压的研究中有四项以及九项临床指标研究中有七项也是如此。
没有明确证据表明体育活动干预对活动水平有影响，然而，对与活动相关的体能和健康结果有积极影响。
该综述方案已在PROSPERO注册（注册号：CRD42015016915）。
