Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Programme, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2017 Aug;51(15):1118-1124. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096276. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
AIM/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide a meta-analysis examining the effects of football heading.
Meta-analytical review on football heading effects on neurocognitive performance, cognition and symptom reports.
Combinations of the key terms were entered into the following electronic database search engines: Cochrane Libraries, PyscARTICLE, PyscINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science on 7 July 2016.
The following inclusion criteria were used to determine eligibility for studies: (1) the study examined and reported on soccer athletes; (2) the population's age, sex and sport position was described; (3) cognitive function, symptoms, balance or other outcomes were quantitatively measured; (4) football heading exposure was quantitatively measured between at least two groups and (5) the study was written in the English language after December 1979.
The literature search process identified 467 unique studies. After applying exclusion criteria, 28 studies remained. Included studies had a total of 2288 participants (female participants =933, male participants =1355), aged 13-70 years. The overall results of random effects modelling of football heading were found to be inconclusive across all outcomes, groups and time points. No moderating variables related to methodological, sample or study characteristics were supported in the analysis; age was a potential moderating variable.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first meta-analytical review of football heading effects aggregated from multiple studies and extended findings from a recent systematic review of the effects of football heading. Our analysis indicates no overall effect for heading a football on adverse outcomes.
目的/目标：本研究的目的是提供一项荟萃分析，考察足球顶球的影响。
对足球顶球对神经认知表现、认知和症状报告的影响进行荟萃分析综述。
2016 年 7 月 7 日，在以下电子数据库搜索引擎中输入了关键词的组合：Cochrane 图书馆、PsycARTICLE、PsycINFO、PubMed、ProQuest、SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science。
使用以下纳入标准来确定研究的资格：（1）研究考察并报告了足球运动员；（2）描述了人群的年龄、性别和运动位置；（3）认知功能、症状、平衡或其他结果进行了定量测量；（4）足球顶球暴露在至少两个组之间进行了定量测量；（5）研究是在 1979 年 12 月以后用英语书写的。
文献搜索过程确定了 467 项独特的研究。应用排除标准后，仍有 28 项研究。纳入的研究共有 2288 名参与者（女性参与者=933 名，男性参与者=1355 名），年龄 13-70 岁。足球顶球的随机效应模型的总体结果在所有结果、组和时间点上都没有定论。在分析中没有支持与方法学、样本或研究特征有关的调节变量；年龄是一个潜在的调节变量。
总结/结论：我们提供了第一个从多个研究中汇总的足球顶球影响的荟萃分析综述，并扩展了最近关于足球顶球影响的系统综述的发现。我们的分析表明，足球顶球对不良结果没有总体影响。
