Middlebrooks Erik H, Yagmurlu Kaan, Szaflarski Jerzey P, Rahman Maryam, Bozkurt Baran
Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St. S., JT N409, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.
Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Neuroradiology. 2017 Jan;59(1):69-87. doi: 10.1007/s00234-016-1772-0. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
The emergence of advanced in vivo neuroimaging methods has redefined the understanding of brain function with a shift from traditional localizationist models to more complex and widely distributed neural networks. In human language processing, the traditional localizationist models of Wernicke and Broca have fallen out of favor for a dual-stream processing system involving complex networks organized over vast areas of the dominant hemisphere. The current review explores the cortical function and white matter connections of human language processing, as well as their relevance to surgical planning.
We performed a systematic review of the literature with narrative data analysis.
Although there is significant heterogeneity in the literature over the past century of exploration, modern evidence provides new insight into the true cortical function and white matter anatomy of human language. Intraoperative data and postoperative outcome studies confirm a widely distributed language network extending far beyond the traditional cortical areas of Wernicke and Broca.
The anatomic distribution of language networks, based on current theories, is explored to present a modern and clinically relevant interpretation of language function. Within this framework, we present current knowledge regarding the known effects of damage to both cortical and subcortical components of these language networks. Ideally, we hope this framework will provide a common language for which to base future clinical studies in human language function.
先进的体内神经成像方法的出现重新定义了对脑功能的理解，从传统的定位主义模型转向更复杂且分布广泛的神经网络。在人类语言处理方面，传统的韦尼克和布洛卡定位主义模型已不再受欢迎，取而代之的是一种双流处理系统，该系统涉及在优势半球广大区域组织起来的复杂网络。本综述探讨了人类语言处理的皮质功能和白质连接，以及它们与手术规划的相关性。
我们对文献进行了系统综述并进行叙述性数据分析。
尽管在过去一个世纪的探索中，文献存在显著的异质性，但现代证据为人类语言的真正皮质功能和白质解剖结构提供了新的见解。术中数据和术后结果研究证实，广泛分布的语言网络远远超出了传统的韦尼克和布洛卡皮质区域。
基于当前理论，探索语言网络的解剖分布，以呈现对语言功能的现代且与临床相关的解释。在此框架内，我们介绍了关于这些语言网络的皮质和皮质下成分受损的已知影响的现有知识。理想情况下，我们希望这个框架将为未来人类语言功能的临床研究提供一种通用语言。
