Faculty of Management, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Faculty of Management, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Water Res. 2017 Mar 1;110:180-191. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.003. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
The Fault Detection (FD) Problem in control theory concerns of monitoring a system to identify when a fault has occurred. Two approaches can be distinguished for the FD: Signal processing based FD and Model-based FD. The former concerns of developing algorithms to directly infer faults from sensors' readings, while the latter uses a simulation model of the real-system to analyze the discrepancy between sensors' readings and expected values from the simulation model. Most contamination Event Detection Systems (EDSs) for water distribution systems have followed the signal processing based FD, which relies on analyzing the signals from monitoring stations independently of each other, rather than evaluating all stations simultaneously within an integrated network. In this study, we show that a model-based EDS which utilizes a physically based water quality and hydraulics simulation models, can outperform the signal processing based EDS. We also show that the model-based EDS can facilitate the development of a Multi-Site EDS (MSEDS), which analyzes the data from all the monitoring stations simultaneously within an integrated network. The advantage of the joint analysis in the MSEDS is expressed by increased detection accuracy (higher true positive alarms and fewer false alarms) and shorter detection time.
控制理论中的故障检测 (FD) 问题涉及监测系统以识别何时发生故障。可以区分两种用于 FD 的方法：基于信号处理的 FD 和基于模型的 FD。前者涉及开发算法，以便直接从传感器读数推断故障，而后者则使用实际系统的仿真模型来分析传感器读数与仿真模型预期值之间的差异。大多数用于水分配系统的污染事件检测系统 (EDS) 都遵循基于信号处理的 FD，该方法依赖于独立分析来自监测站的信号，而不是在集成网络中同时评估所有站。在本研究中，我们表明，利用基于物理的水质和水力学仿真模型的基于模型的 EDS 可以优于基于信号处理的 EDS。我们还表明，基于模型的 EDS 可以促进多站点 EDS (MSEDS) 的开发，该系统可以同时在集成网络中分析所有监测站的数据。MSEDS 中的联合分析的优势体现在提高了检测准确性（更高的真阳性警报和更少的假阳性警报）和缩短了检测时间。
