Urpelainen Samuli, Såthe Conny, Grizolli Walan, Agåker Marcus, Head Ashley R, Andersson Margit, Huang Shih Wen, Jensen Brian N, Wallén Erik, Tarawneh Hamed, Sankari Rami, Nyholm Ralf, Lindberg Mirjam, Sjöblom Peter, Johansson Niclas, Reinecke Benjamin N, Arman M Alif, Merte Lindsay R, Knudsen Jan, Schnadt Joachim, Andersen Jesper N, Hennies Franz
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2017 Jan 1;24(Pt 1):344-353. doi: 10.1107/S1600577516019056.
SPECIES is an undulator-based soft X-ray beamline that replaced the old I511 beamline at the MAX II storage ring. SPECIES is aimed at high-resolution ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments. The beamline has two branches that use a common elliptically polarizing undulator and monochromator. The beam is switched between the two branches by changing the focusing optics after the monochromator. Both branches have separate exit slits, refocusing optics and dedicated permanent endstations. This allows very fast switching between two types of experiments and offers a unique combination of the surface-sensitive XPS and bulk-sensitive RIXS techniques both in UHV and at elevated ambient-pressure conditions on a single beamline. Another unique property of the beamline is that it reaches energies down to approximately 27 eV, which is not obtainable on other current APXPS beamlines. This allows, for instance, valence band studies under ambient-pressure conditions. In this article the main properties and performance of the beamline are presented, together with selected showcase experiments performed on the new setup.
SPECIES是一条基于波荡器的软X射线光束线，它取代了MAX II储存环上旧的I511光束线。SPECIES旨在用于高分辨率常压X射线光电子能谱（APXPS）、近边X射线吸收精细结构（NEXAFS）、X射线发射光谱（XES）和共振非弹性X射线散射（RIXS）实验。该光束线有两个分支，它们使用一个共同的椭圆偏振波荡器和单色仪。通过改变单色仪后的聚焦光学元件，光束在两个分支之间切换。两个分支都有独立的出射狭缝、重新聚焦光学元件和专用的永久终端站。这使得两种类型的实验之间能够非常快速地切换，并在一条光束线上的超高真空和升高的常压条件下提供了表面灵敏的XPS和体灵敏的RIXS技术的独特组合。该光束线的另一个独特特性是它能达到低至约27 eV的能量，这是目前其他APXPS光束线无法获得的。例如，这使得在常压条件下进行价带研究成为可能。本文介绍了该光束线的主要特性和性能，以及在新装置上进行的选定的展示实验。
